Blood borne Pathogens Training for Ground Team Members

Blood borne Pathogens Training for Ground Team Members & Leaders Developed as part of the National Emergency Services Curriculum Project BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 1

What are Bloodborne Pathogens? • BBPs are disease causing microorganisms that may be present in human blood. They may be transmitted with any exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material. – Two pathogens of significance are Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 2

What is Hepatitis B? • One of the five viruses that causes illness directly affecting the liver • Major cause of viral hepatitis which is preventable through immunization BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 3

Hepatitis B Symptoms • Weakness, Fatigue, Anorexia, Nausea, Abdominal pain, Fever, Headache, Possible jaundice( a yellow discoloration of the skin) • Blood will test positive for the HBV surface antigen within 2 to 6 weeks after symptoms develop • May show no symptoms, and therefore not be diagnosed BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 4

HBV Facts • 200 out of 8700 health care workers contracting Hepatitis B yearly will die • HBV is more persistent than HIV in that it is able to survive for at least a week in dried blood on environmental surfaces or contaminated instruments • Approximately 85% of patients recover in 6 to 8 weeks BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 5

What is HIV? • Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a virus that infects immune system T 4 blood cells in humans and renders them less effective in preventing disease • It is the virus identified as being responsible for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 6

HIV Symptoms • Night sweats, Weight loss, Fever, Fatigue, Gland pain or swelling, Muscle or joint pain • May feel fine and not be aware of exposure to HIV for as much as 8 to 10 years • Blood tests may not show positive for as long as a year, and therefore multiple tests may be required to determine if the person has been infected BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 7

HIV Facts • Estimates in the US say that 1 out of 250 people are infected with HIV • There are over 100 case reports of health care workers whose HIV infection is associated with occupational exposure • Over 200, 000 AIDS patients have been reported to the CDC, 84 of which are health care workers with no other identified reason for infection BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 8

Exposure Prevention for Bloodborne Pathogens • • Engineering Controls Work Practice Controls Personal Protective Equipment Universal Precautions BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 9

Engineering Controls • Structural or mechanical devices CAP provides for its’ ES personnel – Hand washing facilities – Eye wash stations – Sharps containers – Biohazard labels BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 10

Work Practice Controls • The behaviors necessary to use engineering controls effectively – Using sharps containers – Using an eye wash station – Washing your hands after removal of personal protective equipment BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 11

Work Practice Controls Continued • Hand washing is considered to be the most effective method of preventing transmission of BBPs • Alternatives such as hand cleaners and towelettes are acceptable alternatives for those without ready access to wash facilities, but the individual should still wash their hands with soap and warm water after contact with blood or other possible infectious material BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 12

Work Practice Controls Continued • Procedures involving blood or other potentially infectious material will be performed in such a way as to minimize or eliminate splashing, spraying, splattering, and generation of droplets of these substances • Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or lip balm, and handling contact lenses is prohibited in work areas where exposure is likely BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 13

Personal Protective Equipment • Equipment provided by CAP at no cost to you, which it is to your advantage to use, and should be reported to supervisors when not in working order – Latex gloves – Masks – Aprons, Gowns, or Tyvek suits – Face shields BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 14

Personal Protective Equipment Continued • Whenever you need to wear a face mask, you must also wear eye protection • When wearing personal glasses, you must use side shields and plan to decontaminate your glasses and side shields according to schedule BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 15

Personal Protective Equipment Continued • Personal protective Equipment is acceptable if it prevents blood or other possible infectious material from contaminating work clothes, street clothes, undergarments, skin, eyes, mouth, or other mucous membranes. BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 16

What is wrong with this picture? BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 17

Use your Personal Protective Equipment! Answer: Rubber Gloves were not worn for the patient survey BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 18

Removing Gloves Grasp the outer surface of one glove with the other gloved hand "rubber to rubber" and pull off the glove. Discard the glove into the designated receptacle. BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 Removing the second glove. Note that the person touches only the "inside" surface of the glove with his bare hand. 19

Contaminated Clothing • Your clothing may be exposed to potentially infectious materials, and must be handled appropriately if that happens – Clearly label contaminated materials and put them into separate leak proof containers to be sent to a facility following OSHA standard – Don't handle contaminated clothing more than absolutely necessary BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 20

Contaminated Clothing Removal • Remove it in such a way as to avoid contact with the outer surface – Rolling the garment as it is pulled toward removal will decrease chance of contact with the contaminated area – After rolling it up, carefully pull it off to avoid contact – If it cannot be removed without contamination, it is recommended that the item be cut off BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 21

Universal Precautions • The concept that all blood and certain body fluids are to be treated as if contaminated with HIV, HBV, or other BBPs – Acceptable alternative is Body Substance Isolation: The treating of all fluids and substances as infectious – Personal protective equipment like gloves and a mask must be used whenever you might be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 22

Materials Requiring Universal Precautions • • Blood Cerebrospinal fluid Synovial fluid Pleural fluid Any body fluid with visible blood Any unidentifiable body fluid Saliva from dental procedures BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 23

Materials NOT Requiring Universal Precautions • • Feces Nasal secretions Sputum Sweat Tears Urine Vomitus If there is visible blood then all bets are off BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 24

Surface Disinfections • Surfaces can be decontaminated with one of many commercial products – Check label directions for use • A bleach solution can be mixed 1: 10 with water to disinfect areas – The solution should be made fresh BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 25

Biohazard Materials Biohazard symbol used to identify biohazard materials Protective gloves Protective face mask with eye shield BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 26

Biohazard Materials Continued Sharps containers to hold contaminated needles, scalpels, or other sharp instruments Tyvek protective suits for biohazard scenes such as accident sites. Biohazard kit for clean up. BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 27

BBP Tasks • General Emergency Services Personnel – O-0901: Demonstrate knowledge of BBPs • Ground Team Members – O-0902: Exercise Universal Precautions • Ground Team Leaders – O-0903: Use a BBP Protective Suit Any products shown are for illustrative purposes only. Civil Air Patrol or the United States Air Force endorses, guarantees, or recommends no specific product, business, or services. BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 28

QUESTIONS? THINK SAFETY BBP. ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003 29