BLOOD BORN PATHOGEN S D R CHANDER ARORA
BLOOD BORN PATHOGEN S D R. CHANDER ARORA
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGEN STANDARD The blood borne Pathogen Standard is a regulation created by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to protect employees who may come in contact with blood or other potentially contaminated material as a result of their work Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGEN STANDARD CONT. • The Standard requires employers to • Determine which jobs involve potential exposure to blood borne pathogens • Train employees • Develop a written Exposure Control Plan • Provide personal protective equipment and engineering controls • Offer Hepatitis B vaccine to potentially exposed employees • Provide medical consultation is an exposure occurs Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
OUR OBJECTIVE • Know what blood borne pathogens are • Recognize potentially contaminated material • Identify exposure routes • Know how to protect yourself • Know what to do if you are exposed • Know how to clean up a spill Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
DESCRIPTION Blood born pathogens are disease causing organism that can be acquired from another person’s blood. Examples include Treponema palladum (syphilis), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) and many more. Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
HEPATITIS B VIRUS Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
HEPATITIS B (HBV) In the United States, approximately 300, 000 people are infected with HBV annually, however only a small percentage is fatal. HBV initially causes inflammation of the liver, but it can lead to more serious conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is caused by a virus called the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. Once a person has been infected with HIV, it may be years before AIDS actually develops. HIV attacks the body’s immune system, weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
HIV CONT. . AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is caused by a virus called the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. Once a person has been infected with HIV, it may be years before AIDS actually develops. HIV attacks the body’s immune system, weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
AIDS CASES VS. DEATH Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
HIV CONTINUED • There is no known cure for HIV although there are drugs that suppress the infection • HIV causes destruction of the immune system • The terminal stage of the infection is called Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • Symptoms include weight loss, secondary infections, fatigue Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
HIV BUDDING Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) Hepatitis C virus, formerly known as "non A -non B", is another pathogen that you need to be aware of if you have occupational exposure to human blood or other potentially infectious materials. Hepatitis C is one of the most common types of hepatitis with up to 1. 5% of the population been positive. Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
HEPITITIS C CONTINUED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been found in all parts of the world where it has been sought. The virus appears to be transmitted most efficiently through parenteral exposure to blood from an infected individual. Common examples of transmission events are: receiving a blood transfusion from an infected source or sharing intravenous drug needles with an infected individual. Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
MODES OF TRANSMISSION HBV and HIV are most commonly transmitted through: • sexual contact • sharing of hypodermic needles • from mothers to their babies at/before birth • accidental puncture from contaminated needles, broken glass, or other sharps Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
MODES OF TRANSMISSION CONT. Anytime there is blood to blood contact with infected blood or body fluids, there is a slight potential for transmission. Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
HEP C (HCV) • IS the leading cause of liver failure in the U. S. • Will cause chronic long term infection in over 50% of cases • The treatment options at this time are limited Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
EXPOSURE ROUTES An exposure occurs when blood or other potentially contaminated material contacts: 1. Non-intact skin (cut, scratch, rash) 2. Mucous membrane surface (eyes, inside nose, inside mouth) 3. Injection directly into the body Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
EXPOSURE A Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
EXPOSURE CONT. Assume that all human blood is contaminated with BBP’s Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
OTHER INFECTIOUS FLUIDS • Cerebrospinal fluid (around brain) • Plural fluid (lung) • Pericardial fluid (heart) • Synovial Fluid (joints 0 • Semen • Vaginal fluid Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS Assume that blood or potentially contaminated materials contain blood borne pathogens. Thus you always use the appropriate protective measures. This is termed using Universal Precautions Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT • Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials • Must be properly cleaned, laundered, repaired, and disposed of at no cost to employees • Must be removed when leaving area or upon contamination Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
EXAMPLES OF PPE • Gloves • Gowns • Face shields • Eye protection • Mouthpieces and resuscitation devices Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
PROTECT YOURSELF WHAT TYPE OF EXPOSURE WILL GLOVES HELP TO PREVENT? Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
PROTECTING YOURSELF Needles and other sharp objects are the most frequent cause of employment related BBP exposure. Always discard sharps directly into an appropriate sharps container following use. Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
BARRIERS Use barriers to prevent injection, mucous membrane contact or non-intact skin • Gloves protect non-intact skin • Goggles and face shields protect mucous membranes • Properly used sharps containers limit exposure to injection accidents Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
WASHING HANDS After removing gloves always wash your hands. Gloves are not a substitute for hand washing Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
BIOHAZARD WARNING LABELS Warning labels required on: • Other containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or other potentially infectious materials • Red bags or container may be substituted for labels Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
LAUNDRY • Handle contaminated laundry as little as possible and use PPE • Must be bagged or containerized at location where used • No sorting or rinsing at location where used • Must be placed and transported in labeled or color-coded containers Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
PROTECTION WITH DISINFECTANT • A one to ten dilution of bleach is an effective disinfectant. But a fresh dilution must be made within 24 hours of use or it may not remain effective. • Disinfectants are tested under EPA protocols and must be certified to work against HIV and HBV • HBV may remain viable in dried blood for up to one week unless it is effectively disinfected Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
PROTECT YOURSELF. . DECONTAMINATE WORK SURFACES 1. When surfaces are contaminated, and 2. After completion of procedures, and 3. At the end of the work shift Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
SPILL RESPONSES • When possible place an absorbent paper or cloth gently over the spill (if liquid) • Gently saturate the spill with appropriate disinfectant • Wait long enough for the disinfectant to destroy the microorganisms before mechanically cleaning the spill Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
DISINFECTANTS There are four main types of disinfectants in general use in the cleaning industry: • Quats (quaternary amines) • Phenols (example: ortho phenyl phenol) • Alcohols (example: ethanol) • Halogens (example: household bleach) Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
QUATS • Can be used at high altitude • Dilution coefficient of 22 • Low Toxicity Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
PHENOLS 4 6 • High dilution coefficient (2 to 2 ) • Broad spectrum activity • Toxic Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
ALCOHOLS AND BLEACH • Both alcohol and Bleach are used in different solutions Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
SUMMARY OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens standard prescribes safeguards to protect workers against the health hazards from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials, and to reduce their risk from this exposure Implementation of this standard not only will prevent hepatitis B cases, but also will significantly reduce the risk of workers contracting AIDS, Hepatitis C, or other blood borne diseases Dr. Arora - Blood Born Pathogens
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