BLOOD Blood Females have 4 5 liters Males

BLOOD

Blood: • Females have 4 -5 liters. • Males have 5 -6 liters. • Makes up 8% of total body weight.

Functions of Blood • Transports: gases, nutrients and wastes. • Transports: hormones, enzymes and processed molecules. • Regulates p. H • Maintains body temp. • Protects against foreign substances. • Clot formation

Blood is composed of: • Plasma – – Liquid portion Pale yellow. 91% water, 7% proteins Serum is plasma without clotting agents. • Formed elements – Cells and cell fragments • Red blood cells (RBCs) • White blood cells (WBCs) • Platelets

Hematopoiesis • The process of blood cell production. This process occurs in the red bone marrow. Some WBCs are produced in the lymphatic tissues. • All blood cells arise from stem cells (hemocytoblasts).

Red Blood Cells • • • Concave Disk. Live for about 110 -120 days. No nucleus. Transports O 2 and CO 2 Contains hemoglobin – Transports O 2 – Gives blood red color

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) • Spherical cells • 5 Types with specific functions – Neutrophils: Digest microorganisms. – Basophils: Release histamine – Eosinophils: Reduce inflammation, attack parasites. – Lymphocytes: Produce antibodies. – Monocytes: Become macrophages, destroy bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments.

Platelets (Thrombocytes) • Cell fragments surrounded by plasma membrane. • Forms platelet plugs (seal holes in vessels) • Aids in clotting.

Blood Grouping: ABO 1. 2. 3. 4. A B AB (Universal Receiver) O (Universal Donor)

Terms to know: • Donor: Gives blood • Recipient: Receives blood • Transfusion: Transfer of blood or its components from 1 individual to another. • Infusion: Introduction of fluid other than blood (ex. Saline)

Anemia • A deficiency of normal hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in a decreased number of RBCs.

Sickle-Cell Anemia A genetic trait due to a change in ONE nucleotide in the DNA sequence that leads to a change in ONE amino acid that changes how the hemoglobin protein folds. This change in the structure of the hemoglobin protein leads to a change in the shape of the red blood cell to a sickle shape. Found in people of African descent.

Leukemia • Cancer in which abnormal production of WBCs occurs.