BLOOD 4 PARTS OF BLOOD Red blood cells

BLOOD

4 PARTS OF BLOOD • Red blood cells (44 %) • White blood cells (less than 1%) • Platelets (less than 1%) • Plasma (55%)

RED BLOOD CELLS • • • ERYTHROCYTES Transport oxygen Hemoglobin: red Lack a nucleus 4. 2 – 6. 2 million RBC in humans • B 12, folic acid, iron: imp’t for RBC production • Anemia: too few RBC: makes us feel weak & tired

White Blood Cells • LEUKOCYTES • Protect against infection; eat/digest foreign cells (phagocytosis) • 2 X larger than RBC • 5000 -10, 000 WBC in humans • High WBC: infection • Low WBC: typhoid/flu/AIDS/mumps/ leukemia

Platelets • • THROMBOCYTES Form blood clots ½ as big as RBC 130, 000 -360, 000 cells per mm 3 in humans

Blood Plasma • “clear” part of blood • 92% water • Primarily made of proteins: Albumen, Globulin, Fibrinogen • Also contain amino acids, sugars, lipids, nucleotides • And electrolytes: Na+, Ca+, K+, Cl+, Mg+, HCO 3+, SO 4+, PO 4+

Notice all the components in the blood: • Common blood gases: O 2 and CO 2 • VLDL: very low density lipoprotein: high conc. Of triglycerides • LDL: low density lipoprotein/mostly cholesterol • HDL: high density lipoprotein/mostly protein

Hemostasis • Stoppage of bleeding 1. Blood vessel spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood coagulation (formation of blood clot)

Define the following Terms • • ABO BLOOD GROUP ANTIGEN ANTIBODY AGGLUTINATION Describe the following: • Rh factor • Signs & Symptoms of incompatible blood mixing (HINT: answer in a blue box) • Difference between AGGLUTINATION & COAGULATION

Blood Types

VOCAB TO KNOW • ANTIGEN: protein on surface of RBC • AGGLUTINATION: clumping of RBC (occurs during blood transfusions; reaction b/w antigen & antibody) • ANTIBODY: react to foreign antigens • ANTI-SERUM: A serum containing antibodies that are specific for one or more antigens. (ANTI-A: contain antibody A; ANTI-B: contain antibody B

ABO Blood System

Blood Donors & Transfusions

THE Rh FACTOR • A protein (antigen) in blood • First discovered in Rhesus monkeys • Has no advantage or disadvantage to have it or not… • Only important during blood transfusion/organ transplant!

CONCERNS DURING PREGNANCY? No concern with 1 st pregnancy b/c antigens are too big to cross placenta HOWEVER…if mother is Rh- and 2 nd child is Rh+…blood could mix & mother could have antibodies against Rh protein from 1 st pregnancy