BLOCK 1 UNIT 9 COMPUTER COMPONENTS Ver IT

BLOCK 1 UNIT 9 COMPUTER COMPONENTS Ver IT AA-1 1

OBJECTIVES 9 a. Identify Basic Facts About Computer Components 9 b. Identify Principles Of Computer Components Ver IT AA-1 2

OBJECTIVE 9 a Identify basic facts about computer components • Central processing unit • Computer memory • Input/output (I/O) devices • Storage devices • Peripherals (printer, scanner, etc. ) Ver IT AA-1 3

Basic Facts – Computer Components Central Processing Unit CPU “The Brains” RAM (programs and data) ROM Data Address and Control Buses (BIOS) Video Memory (displayable data) Disk controller Keyboard Monitor Hard Disk (programs and data) Optical Disk (programs and data) user data Mouse/Joystick (positional data) Parallel Serial Ports USB Network Interface Card Ver IT AA-1 Video controller Printer hard copy Modem Peer-to-Peer LAN Client/Server LAN Dial up Cable DSL Internet, WAN 4

Basic Facts – Computer Components Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Brains of the computer • Instructions and overall activity carried out in the CPU • Performs logic comparisons • Math calculations (addition) • Logical operations • Program control Ver IT AA-1 5

Basic Facts – Computer Components Central Processing Unit Computer memory (Two types) • Random access memory (RAM) • Read only memory (ROM) Ver IT AA-1 6

Basic Facts – Computer Components Computer Memory Random access memory (RAM) • System memory • Used by processor and other devices to temporarily store information • Volatile – data is lost if power is removed • Add-on memory Ver IT AA-1 7

Basic Facts – Computer Components Computer Memory Read Only Memory (ROM) • Stores default start up and basic operating information • Permanent memory retained when power is lost • Burned-in memory Ver IT AA-1 8

Basic Facts – Computer Components Input/output (I/O) Devices • • Ver IT AA-1 Keyboard – information entry into the computer Mouse/joystick – positional information into the computer 9

Basic Facts – Computer Components Input/output (I/O) Devices Monitor - visual display of stored information Ver IT AA-1 10

Basic Facts – Computer Components Input/output (I/O) Devices • • • Ver IT AA-1 Video controller translates data in video memory for the display monitor Data bus - well defined signal path carrying transferred information (data) Address bus identifies data location/destination Control bus controls dataflow & what process is to be completed Disk controller I/O - interface between disk drives & CPU Parallel and serial ports allow the computer to transmit and receive data from external devices 11

Basic Facts – Computer Components Storage Devices Video memory – holds the information presently displayed on the monitor Ver IT AA-1 12

Basic Facts – Computer Components Storage Devices Hard disk drive • Main storage center of the PC • Uses rigid, magnetic-particle coated platters • Enclosed in a protective case Ver IT AA-1 13

Basic Facts – Computer Components Storage Devices Optical Media • Used for permanent removable storage of data Ver IT AA-1 14

Basic Facts – Computer Components Storage Devices Flash Media • Non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electronically erased and reprogrammed. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: USB_flash_drive. JPG Ver IT AA-1 15

Basic Facts – Computer Components Peripherals Printer • Produces a hardcopy (paper) version of text or illustrations Ver IT AA-1 16

Basic Facts – Computer Components Peripherals Microphone • Converts sound into electrical signals Ver IT AA-1 17

Basic Facts – Computer Components Peripherals Speaker • Converts electrical signals to sound Ver IT AA-1 18

Basic Facts – Computer Components Peripherals Network Interface Card (NIC) • Allows computer to connect to a network Ver IT AA-1 19

OBJECTIVE 9 b Identify Principles Of Computer Components Ver IT AA-1 20

Principles – Computer Components System Unit • Box-like case housing that protects internal components from damage • Contains system board, CPU, system clock, memory buses, expansion cards, ports and power supply Ver IT AA-1 21

Principles – Computer Components System Board • Commonly referred to as a card, motherboard or mainboard • Contains majority of electronic components • Where the CPU, ROM chips, RAM modules and all controller chips are located Ver IT AA-1 22

Principles – Computer Components Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Brains of the computer system • Tells the system components what to do and when to do it • Contain control unit, arithmetic logic unit, memory and input/output section Ver IT AA-1 23

Principles – Computer Components CPU Control Unit • Decodes the instructions and produces a series of control signals • Control signals are used by other units to complete the action called for by the instruction Ver IT AA-1 24

Principles – Computer Components CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) • Located in the CPU • Adds information and performs logic operations • By manipulation can simulate subtraction, multiplication and division Ver IT AA-1 25

Principles – Computer Components CPU Basic Input/Output • Provides communications between CPU components • Provides initial communications between system memory and device controllers Ver IT AA-1 26

Principles – Computer Components CPU Registers • High speed circuits that hold values of internal operations • Temporary memory storage locations • Hold address information such as the location in RAM of the next command Ver IT AA-1 27

Principles – Computer Components CPU Motherboard Buses • Well defined signal paths the CPU uses to communicate with devices: • Address bus • Data bus • Control bus Ver IT AA-1 28

Principles – Computer Components Address bus • Conductors carrying address signals to a location where information is stored – Unidirectional bus – Addresses travel from the CPU to addressable locations in RAM and ROM Ver IT AA-1 29

Principles – Computer Components Data bus • Conductors carry data to and from the CPU – Bidirectional allows the CPU to read data from input devices and write to output devices – Allows CPU to function as a transmitter and receiver of data Ver IT AA-1 30

Principles – Computer Components Control bus • Manages control signals • Control signals – Control timing and direction of data flow – Commands to devices that are not under the direct command of the control unit Ver IT AA-1 31

Principles – Computer Components Computer Memory • Memory provides a means of storing data and programs • Two types located on the motherboard or on a plug in module – ROM – RAM Ver IT AA-1 32

Principles – Computer Components Computer Memory • Read Only Memory (ROM) – Chips used to store programs permanently – Non-volatile – retains data – Contains basic input/output system (BIOS) (start-up sequence instructions) Ver IT AA-1 33

Principles – Computer Components Computer Memory • Random Access Memory (RAM) – Solid state – Randomly accessed – Stores input programs from hard drive – Increases computer speed – Provides faster access – Temporary storage – Volatile – loses data when power is lost – Usually resides on a memory module - a small circuit board on the motherboard Ver IT AA-1 34

Principles – Computer Components Input Devices • Input devices allow entry of data and commands into computer memory • Two types of input devices: – Keyboard – Mouse Ver IT AA-1 35

Principles – Computer Components Keyboard • Keyboard enters data and commands into the computer • Keyboard is a series of switches • Switch closure is detected and a code is generated Ver IT AA-1 36

Principles – Computer Components Mouse • Mouse is a pointing device used with desktop computers to position the cursor on the monitor. • An LED or laser reflects light off a work surface to a sensor which registers movement Ver IT AA-1 37

Principles – Computer Components Mouse • Sensors reads changes as steps on the horizontal and vertical axis, translated as cursor movement on screen Ver IT AA-1 38

Principles – Computer Components Output Devices • Monitor – Most common output device – Computer sends signal through video card where it is converted into a video signal – Signal passes through cable to monitor – Output is displayed on monitor Ver IT AA-1 39

Principles – Computer Components Two types of monitors • LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) • LED (Light Emitting Diode) • OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) • Currently only available in cell phones and small electronic devices. Engineers working to find a solution so large format screens can be produced economically. Ver IT AA-1 40

Principles – Computer Components LCD/LED (Flat screen monitors) • Use two sheets of polarized material with liquid crystal solution between them • Current passes through liquid so light cannot pass through • Light source is the main difference. Ver IT AA-1 41

Principles – Computer Components Network Interface Card • Input/Output device • Uses media access control (MAC) address • Converts incoming electrical signals (serial) into digital signals (parallel) and vice versa Ver IT AA-1 42

Principles – Computer Components Storage devices • Used to store data or programs permanently on some type of medium • Four types of storage devices—flash media, hard drive, optical media and magnetic tape Ver IT AA-1 43

Principles – Computer Components Storage devices • Flash Media – Non-Volatile computer storage chip that can be electronically erased and reprogrammed – Used in digital camera memory cards, thumb drives, and solid state drives. Ver IT AA-1 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Crucial_256 GB_Solid_State_SATA_Hard_Drive. jpg 44

Principles – Computer Components Storage devices • Hard disk drive – rugged, solid substrates called platters – Data stored in concentric rings called tracks – Tracks separated into sectors - the basic storage unit of the hard drive Ver IT AA-1 45

Principles – Computer Components Storage devices • Hard disk drive – Read/write heads step rapidly across to the correct track (random) – Heads float on air, do not touch the platter – Head waits for the proper sector to pass (sequential) – Data is read/write to the disk Ver IT AA-1 46

Principles – Computer Components Storage devices • Hard disk drive – Disk controller controls the transfer of data, instructions and information from a disk to the rest of the computer Ver IT AA-1 47

Principles – Computer Components Storage devices • Optical Media – Compact Disk (CD), Digital Video Disk (DVD) and Blu. Ray Disk (BD) are used for storage of large amounts of data – Records by etching pits into surface – Low power laser reads data (pit and no pit areas) from selected sector Ver IT AA-1 48

Principles – Computer Components Storage devices • Optical Media – Light is reflected in no pit area and not reflected in pit area – Light detector converts reflections as “ 1” and “ 0” Aluminum Data Layer Land Laser Ver IT AA-1 Pit Clear Plastic Land Detector 49

Principles – Computer Components Storage devices • Magnetic Tape – Magnetic tape unit reads & writes data onto magnetic tape – Stored in a sequential format – As data passes over the read/write heads it is written to or read from the tape Ver IT AA-1 50

Principles – Computer Components Peripherals • Devices that work with the computer but are not needed to operate computer • Examples– Printers and optical scanners Ver IT AA-1 51

Principles – Computer Components Peripherals • Printers – Output devices that produce text or graphics on paper – Printed information – hard copy – Two types • Impact • Non-impact Ver IT AA-1 52

Principles – Computer Components Peripherals • Printers – Impact • Dot matrix – Impact printer » Tiny wire on print head strikes a inked ribbon » Forces it to strike the paper » Produces a dot – Connecting dots form characters Ver IT AA-1 53

Principles – Computer Components Peripherals • Printers – Non-impact • Form characters without striking paper • Some spray while others use heat and pressure to create images • Two types: – Ink jet – Laser Ver IT AA-1 54

Principles – Computer Components Peripherals • Printers – Ink jet • Sprays tiny drops of ink onto paper • Can produce letter quality text & graphics in black & white and in color • Ink heated in a reservoir Ver IT AA-1 55

Principles – Computer Components Peripherals • Printers – Laser • Can print text and graphics in very high quality resolutions • Uses laser to produce an image on a drum • Toner sticks to the drum by means of static charge Ver IT AA-1 56

Principles – Computer Components Peripherals • Printers – Laser • Toner transposed to paper when paper is passed under drum • Fuser heats and burns toner onto the paper Ver IT AA-1 Paper Path Tone r Laser Unit Photoreceptor Drum Assy. Fuser PAPER TRAY 57

Principles – Computer Components Peripherals • Scanner – Optical scanners use light sensing devices that read printed text and graphics – After the information is input the scanner translates the results into a form that the computer uses Ver IT AA-1 58

Summary 9 a. Identify basic facts about computer components 9 b. Identify principles of computer components Ver IT AA-1 59