Bleeding Kansas A Kansas became a battleground over
Bleeding Kansas A. Kansas became a battleground over the issue of slavery 1. Settlers were sent by pro-slave and anti-slave movements to Kansas to vote on whether Kansas would be free or slave.
Bleeding Kansas 2. Anti-slavery settlers were more numerous, so pro-slavery Missourians crossed the border to stuff the ballot boxes. MISSOURI
Bleeding Kansas 3. Fighting among both sides was fierce and many people died. http: //www. nps. gov/archive/fosc/bleeding. htm
Dred Scott http: //library. wustl. edu/vlib/dredscott/ A. Dred Scott moved with his owner from Missouri, a slave state, to a free territory. 1. Then his owner died 2. He was helped by abolitionist lawyers to sue for his freedom, arguing that because he now lived in a free territory, he should be free.
Dred Scott Decision B. Supreme Court Decision 1. Dred Scott was not a citizen, but merely property, and could not sue because no person of African blood had the rights of citizenship under the U. S. Constitution. X http: //www. archives. gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution. html
Dred Scott Decision The Supreme Court decided that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. X (It was a law that drew a line and stated slavery was illegal in the free territory above that line. )
Dred Scott Decision 2. Territories were wide-open to all settlers, including slave-owners a. Once a territory became a state, it alone could decide whether or not to ban slavery b. The South was happy with the decision c. The North was outraged: their best course of action---to win the presidency
Lincoln-Douglas Debates - 1858 A. Stephen Douglas – Senator of Illinois - Democrat 1. Dressed stylish 2. Called “Little Giant” because of his small size, but powerful voice http: //www. npg. si. edu/exh/brady/gallery/86 gal. html
Lincoln-Douglas Debates - 1858 B. Abraham Lincoln – Republican candidate for Senator 1. Spoke with a country accent 2. Tall & out of fashion http: //www. historyplace. com/lincoln/lincpix/stand. jpg
Lincoln-Douglas Debates - 1858 C. Douglas and Lincoln debated the issue of slavery 1. The debates drew large crowds and… Slavery is a “moral and political wrong” http: //home. att. net/~rjnorton/Lincoln 77. html I believe in popular sovereignty. Let people decide. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stephen_A. _Douglas
Lincoln LOST the election for senator. However, it made him well-known around the country, and soon he would beat Douglas in another race!
John Brown A. John Brown was consumed with the idea of starting a slave rebellion that would destroy slavery http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part 4/4 h 2954. html
John Brown’s Raid - Oct. 16, 1859 http: //brownvboard. org/brwnqurt/03 -3 a. htm 1. Brown, 5 blacks and 16 whites, including his sons, attacked a U. S. arsenal (a gun warehouse) at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia 2. He quickly gained control of the arsenal
3. However, US Marines led by Colonel Robert E. Lee surrounded them. 4. Brown surrendered and the Marines attacked and beat Brown unconscious.
John Brown’s Raid B. Brown was tried for murder and treason… and hanged http: //www. thinker. org/fam/education/publications/guide-american/15. html http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/brown/timeline/
John Brown’s Raid C. Northerners praised John Brown’s efforts towards the abolitionist cause 1. On the day he was hung, guns fired a salute. D. Southerners were outraged at Northerners glorifying Brown
SIDE NOTES: Harriet Tubman actually agreed to help John Brown raid Harper’s Ferry, but she was struck by an illness and was unable to attend.
Brown also tried to convince Frederick Douglass to join him. He explained that his hope was to capture the weapons in the arsenal and head south. Once slaves in the South heard about the raid, Brown believed, they would revolt and join the cause. Douglass believed that the raid was destined for failure and declined to join Brown.
https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =FIor. HCv 5 QDs Library of Congress
The Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln was nominated by the Republican party. He was seen as the candidate of abolition! The Northern Democrats chose Stephen Douglas to run as their candidate. He continued to support popular sovereignty. Southern Democrats, who supported a stronger position in favor of slavery, split from their party and chose John Breckinridge. The Constitutional Union Party selected John Bell to run as their candidate. Bell favored continued efforts for compromise.
The Election of 1860 te l! o v a t t i l p d fa s e ve h T pro Demo d a Crats h A. 1. Lincoln – about 1. 8 million votes 2. Others – over 2. 8 million votes 3. The new President Elect, Lincoln, was viewed as an extremist
Secession 1860
C. Once Lincoln was elected, mass hysteria swept through the South 1. Southerners thought that Lincoln’s election meant their economic ruin and their only choice was secession 2. South Carolina based their actions on states’ rights: The states had voluntarily joined the Union and therefore they had the right to leave the Union
3. During the next 8 weeks: Secession Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Texas all voted to secede from the Union. l l a s a w s i h t s a d w n …A Lincoln ! d e e r t o a r u bef g u a n i even http: //www. maps. com/product. aspx? nav=MS&cid=22, 57, 100&pid=9076
Secession a. Texas: Sam Houston tried to persuade Texans to stay in the Union. (He was a Unionist. ) Because he would not back secession, Houston was removed from office http: //www. sonofthesouth. net/leefoundation/civil-war/1861/march/sam-houston-biography. htm
Lincoln’s Inauguration A. Lincoln said he would not interfere with slavery in the states where it already existed. B. He also said no state could lawfully leave the Union http: //www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/learning_history/south_secede/timeline_secession. cfm
It didn’t matter… 1. In Feb. 1861 – The seceding states formed the Confederate States of America 1 st Official Confederate Flag Originally a Naval Flag
2. President: Jefferson Davis Secession was necessary to maintain “the holy cause of Constitutional liberty…” http: //ngeorgia. com/people/davisj. html
The North said, How could the South talk about liberty while holding 3. 5 million slaves?
The South’s answer: “Our new government is founded upon the great truth that the Negro is not equal to the white man. ”
Beginnings of the Civil War Lincoln tried hard to avoid war. However, the Confederates had started seizing U. S. forts in the South. Fort Sumter, SC was one of the remaining forts held by the Union in the South, but their supplies were running low.
In April 1861, the Confederates asked the Union commander to surrender. After he refused, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter and opened fire until the Union soldiers ran out of ammunition.
Civil War Treasures from the New-York Historical Society, [Digital ID, e. g. , nhnycw/ad ad 04004] http: //memory. loc. gov/ammem/ndlpcoop/nhihtml/cwn yhshome. html The next day, the fort surrendered without a single loss of life. This began the Civil War!
After the attack on Fort Sumter, 8 slave states still had not taken a position on which side they would join. ? ?
General Robert E. Lee • An excellent US Army officer. • Lee graduated 2 nd in his class from West Point without a single demerit (first cadet to do ) • Lee served with distinction in the Mexican War as a battlefield commander, planner, and scout
• Lee served as Superintendent of West Point from 1852 -1855 • He was later transferred to serve in the Texas Cavalry • He was recalled to Washington, DC in February 1861, where Abraham Lincoln asked him to take command of the Union Army… he declined • Lee, although opposed to slavery, felt a great loyalty to VA and took a commission as a general in the Confederate Army, later becoming the Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia
• Considered to be a brilliant tactician • Earned a reputation for fearlessness • Received his nickname during a battle in which a fellow general said, “Look, men, there is Jackson standing like a stone wall!” “Stonewall” Jackson
Stonewall Jackson • He was mistakenly shot by one of his own men and his arm had to be amputated • Died 8 days later of pneumonia; he was 39 • Lee wrote, “He has lost his left arm; but I have lost my right arm. ”
“My religious belief teaches me to feel as safe in battle as in bed. God has fixed the time for my death. I do not concern myself about that, but to be always ready, no matter when it may overtake me. . That is the way all men should live, and then all would be equally brave. ” - Stonewall Jackson
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