Bjrge Solberg Andersen KONTROLL VENTILER JAN O HJETLAND
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen KONTROLL VENTILER • JAN O HJETLAND
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Fag disipliner • • Prosess Material Instrument ”Piping” Maling Innkjøp Produksjons oppfølging
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Hvilken type kontroll ventiler har vi Sete ventil (Globe) Kule ventil (Bal) Sving ventil (Butterfly)
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Hva er en kontroll ventil En kontroll ventil er arbeideren i en prosess lup
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen •
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen BUTTERFLY
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Ball
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Globe
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen CAGE •
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Separator Level Control Gas outlet Crude Inlet from well head Gas Oil LC Oil level Control valve LC Water level Control valve
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Ventildimensjonering og valg - fremgangsmåte 1) Beregning av ventilstørrelse 2) Beregning av støy / andre forhold 3) Valg av ventiltype - gjenta fra 1 4) Valg av materialer / pakkboks Gjenta beregningene med relevante ventildata 5) Beregning og valg av aktuator 6) Tilleggsutstyr / endelig beskrivelse
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen KURVE
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Beregne ventilstørrelse - bakgrunn 1) Beregning av ventilstørrelse 2) Beregning av støy / andre forhold 3) Valg av ventiltype - gjenta 4) Valg fra 1 av materialer / pakkboks 6) Tilleggsutstyr / endelig beskrivelse 5) Beregning og valg av aktuator • Har stort sett vært basert på leverandørenes egne standarder / metoder • Standardiseringsarbeide har pågått siden tidlig 1960 • ISA etablerte en komite i 1967 som skulle utvikle og distribuere standard ligningssett - ble til en “American National Standard” • IEC benyttet ISAarbeidet som basis for å formulere internasjonale standarder • ISA og IEC standardene er harmonisert, med noen få unntak (nomenklatur) • ANSI / ISA Standard betegnes S 75. 01 • IEC standard har betegnelsen 534 -2 -1 og 534 -2 -2 (inkompressible og kompressible medier) Disse standardene inneholder også metodikk for støyberegninger
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Støy i reguleringsventiler • Støy i reguleringsventiler er en stor bidragsyter til anleggets totale bakgrunnsstøy • Myndighets krav blir stadig strengere • Støykilder i et anlegg er vanskelige å identifisere, p. g. a. mange forskjellige kilder, refleksjoner, forplantning av støy etc. • Brukere som ser bort fra støykravene er eksponert for unødvendige belastninger • Kontraktører som garanterer å møte spesifikasjoner for støy er eksponert for potensielle erstatningssaker / kostnader ved korreksjoner
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Aerodynamiske støykilder
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Linje-kilde Tverrsnitt av rør For hver dobling av avstand, tapes 3 d. Ba R Lp. A = F + 10 Log 1+r R+r
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Noise Trims - Whisper I • • • Splits flow into small rectangular passages Increases Peak Frequency Complimentary body design Most effective d. P/P 1 <0. 6 Up to 20 d. B attenuation
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Whisper III • Flow passes through small holes – – – • • Level 3 Uses 1. 6 mm dia Level 1 Uses 3. 2 mm dia 6 d. BA difference Increases frequency Complimentary body design Jet independence Up to 30 d. B attenuation
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Whisper III C 3 C/d = 3. 4 1. 6 mm B 3 d. P/P 1< 0. 99 C/d = 2. 7 1. 6 mm d. P/P 1 < 0. 75 P 2 P 1 A 3 C/d = 2. 0 1. 6 mm d. P/P 1 < 0. 6 Air Flow
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Whisper. Flo • • Staged Reduction of Pressure Shift Frequency Spectrum Higher Unique Passage Shape Jet Independence Manages Velocity Using an Expanding Area Principle Complimentary Body Design Up to 40 d. B attenuation
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Whisper. Flow Passage Outlet Inlet
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Lyddemper
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Reduksjon av støy
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Begrense støy-generering • Globe ventil med diffuser
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen VESKE • FLASING • CAVITATION
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Liquid Flow through an Orifice Vena Contracta Pressure Highest Velocity Lowest Pressure
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Cavitation Vena Contracta Pressure Vapour Bubbles Form Vapour Bubbles Collapse
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Pressure High Recovery Valves (Km= Fl 2= 0. 5) Line of sight valves; Butterfly, Ball Pressure Low Recovery Valves (Km = Fl 2=0. 8) Globe valves
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Cavitation Damage
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Cavitation - Path Treatment • Cover exposed areas with resistant material – – – 316 Sst < 18 HRC 416 Sst (Std trim material) 38 HRC min 440 C 56 HRC Alloy 6 (Stellite) 36 to 44 HRC Ceramic Tungsten Carbide
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Cavitation - Path Treatment • Cover exposed areas with resistant material – – – 316 Sst < 18 HRC 416 Sst (Std trim material) 38 HRC min 440 C 56 HRC Alloy 6 (Stellite) 36 to 44 HRC Ceramic Tungsten Carbide
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Cavitation - Path Treatment Cavitrol III 1 Stage • Flow down • Holes directly opposing – Keeps any cavitation in centre of cage away from surfaces
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Cavitation - Source Treatment • Treating the cause of cavitation – Use valve trim that avoids cavitation • Low recovery valve – High FL 2( KM) – Change from rotary valve to globe Pressure P 1 Low Recovery Valve (Km)FL 2 = 0. 85 No Cavitation P 2 PV High Recovery Valve (Km) FL 2 = 0. 5 Cavitation
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Hole shape The hole is designed to maximize flow without flow separation from the wall, and with enough recovery volume for the fluid from the previous orifice. Pilot hole and recovery volume flow Controlling orifice High Capacity Low Recovery
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Hole Design - Control Flow Separation Any cavitation that does occur is outside cage wall Thin Plate Low Capacity Low Recovery Thick Plate High Capacity High Recovery Cavitrol Hole High Capacity Low Recovery
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Staged Pressure Drop 1 st Stage 2 nd Stage 3 rd Stage Standard Trim Staged Cavitrol Trim P 1 PV Note the uneven pressure drops. The first stage takes the majority of the drop so the last stage takes very little and can control Pvc very close to Pv. P 2
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen CAVITROL IV • CAV 4 with Cavitrol IV Trim • Trim can take pressure drops up to 448 Bar • Protected seating surface eliminates significant pressure drop across seating surfaces • Trim can be used in other globe or angle valves NO SIGNIFICANT PRESSURE DROP MORE THAN 90% OF THE PRESSURE DROP • Staged clearance flows VERY LOW INLET PRESSURE TO FINAL STAGE
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen CAV 4 MINI CAV 4 TRIM AVAILABLE IN 2” CLASS 1500 AND 2” CLASS 2500 DESIGN EHS VALVES 1” DIAMETER PORT, 3/4” TVL Cv RANGE -. 1 TO 2. 9 SAME LIMITS AND FEATURES AS STANDARD CAV 4 USED FOR METHANOL LETDOWN Special Products Group
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Velocity - Cavitrol Outlet Stage: Average velocity = 45 ft/sec Peak velocity - 57 ft/sec Second stage velocity lower than First stage
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Separator Level Control Gas outlet Crude Inlet from well head Gas Oil LC Oil level Control valve LC Water level Control valve
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Challenges of these applications • Cavitation – High pressure drops • Erosion – High pressure drops – Sand other particles • Corrosion – Sour conditions – Chloride stress cracking
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Produced Water/Water Injection Valve Issues • High pressure drop • • Solid particulate can lead to plugging of conventional severe service trim Tight shutoff required • Possible corrosion issues – Can lead to damaging cavitation and erosion – Protects the valve from low flow damage when in the closed position – Issues with stress corrosion cracking need to be addressed • Depends upon H 2 S and chloride concentration Typical stacked disc trim
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Erosion • Hard surfaces – decreases the amount or speed of damage – Alloy 6 – 440 C Increasing – Tungsten Carbide erosion resistance – Ceramics
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen DST Flow Down W 678 -1
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen Rotary Actuator
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen HOOK UP •
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen DVC 6000
Bjørge Solberg & Andersen E. SEAL
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