Bitte decken Sie die schraffierte Flche mit einem

Bitte decken Sie die schraffierte Fläche mit einem Bild ab. Please cover the shaded area with a picture. (24, 4 x 11, 0 cm) Communications in modern automotive systems Ethernet in automotive communication I BS

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 2

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 3

Communications in modern automotive systems › Communication protocols used in automotive: › CAN › LIN › Ethernet › Flex. Ray › I 2 C › SPI etc. Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 4

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 5

Communications in modern automotive systems Ethernet overview › What is Ethernet? › Computer communication technology used to implement networks like LAN (local area network) or WAN (wide area network). › The protocol data unit in Ethernet is the frame. Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 6

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 7

Communications in modern automotive systems Ethernet overview › Ethernet in the OSI (open systems interconnection) Model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Ethernet › Physical network layer – refers to the physical communication medium (the wires) and the actual voltage signals transporting the data and their specifics for implementing the communication protocol. › Data link layer – responsible with the flow control, error detection and correction, etc; at this layer the data unit is the Ethernet frame. Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 8

Communications in modern automotive systems The Ethernet frame › DA – Destination Address; › SA – Source Address › Type – Ethernet Frame Type; › Payload – data field (42 – 1500 bytes); › PRB – Preamble; › CRC – Frame check sequence › Remark – last 2 fields are added automatically by the physical layer; Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 9

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 10

Communications in modern automotive systems Ethernet and the automotive world - evolution › Even though Ethernet has existed for over 20 years, it could not be previously used in automobiles due to the following limitations: › 1. Ethernet did not meet the OEM EMI/RFI requirements for the automotive market. 100 Mbps (and above) Ethernet have too much RF noise, and Ethernet is also susceptible to “alien” noise from other devices in a car. › 2. Ethernet could not guarantee latency down to the low microsecond range. This was required to replace communication to any sensor/control that needed fast reaction time. › 3. Ethernet did not have a way to control bandwidth allocation to different streams so it could not be used to transmit shared data from multiple types of sources. › 4. Ethernet did not have a way of synchronizing time between devices and having multiple devices sample data at the same time Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 11

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 12

Communications in modern automotive systems Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Infotainment systems Diagnostics and flash update Space for Sender Information Public Audio/Video Smart charging 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 13

Communications in modern automotive systems Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive › SOME/IP - is an automotive middleware solution that can be used for control messages. Protocol is used to replace CAN messages; › Diagnostics and flash update – uses Do. IP (Diagnostic over IP) to send diagnostic information to and from vehicle. Also because of the large bandwidth it is used for writing ECU Flash memory (or remote SW updates). › Measurement and Calibration – In this area, Ethernet is used since 2008 to read and write calibration data. Ethernet brings the advantage of sending big amounts of calibration data in a very short time and so precise measurement can be performed (used protocol is XCP – Universal Measurement and Calibration Protocol); › Audio/Video – this is a new area of usage for Ethernet, due to the possibility to send audio/video data and sync them with the Time Sync Protocol; › Smart Charging – new area for Ethernet and as the name says is an intelligent way of charging batteries for electric cars. Information, such as battery level or battery state are sent in real time to the charging station via Ethernet. Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 14

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 15

Communications in modern automotive systems Broad. R-Reach › Broadcom developed a proprietary physical standard, Broad. R-Reach, to enable longer distances of copper Ethernet connectivity at 100 Mbps (up to 700 M). › Due to the lower bandwidth (~27 MHz bandwidth vs. ~62. 5 MHz for 100 Base-T), this standard met the automotive EMI requirements, and Broadcom started marketing this to the automotive world. › As the industry realizes that 100 Mbps is enough for a video transmission, but not enough to act as a backbone in the car, the industry pushed for the creation of a task force in 802. 3 (802. 3 bp) to define a standard for 1 Gbps over a single twisted pair for links of up to 15 meters for the automotive market. › To further reduce the wiring needed in a car, Po. DL (power over data lines) may be used to power the devices. The IEEE 801. 3 bu task force is working on standardizing Po. E (power over Ethernet) over a single pair. Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 16

Communications in modern automotive systems Broad. R-Reach - Physical connection between 2 ECUs Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 17

Communications in modern automotive systems Broad. R-Reach - Connection between µC and physical interface › To be able to create a physical connection between 2 ECU’s an electronic connection named Ethernet PHY is needed. › If an Ethernet Broad. R-Reach connection between 2 ECUs or between an ECU and a switch is needed then at physical layer we will need a connector with 2 pins. › This 2 pins are connected to the MDI interface (Medium Dependent Interface) and ensures reception and transmission of data in the network. › When receiving a row of bytes, PHY will convert the information from MDI interface and send it to the MII interface(Medium Independent Interface) that ensures connection with the micro -controller. Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 18

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 19

Communications in modern automotive systems From bus to fully switched networks › Fully Switched Network example Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 20

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 21

Communications in modern automotive systems TCP/IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 22

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 23

Communications in modern automotive systems TCP and UDP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 24

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 25

Communications in modern automotive systems Some/IP Protocol - Scalable Service Oriented Middleware over IP › SOME/IP protocol is service oriented and to understand this we will make a comparison with CAN networks from Automotive Systems. › In CAN networks a signal such as Engine Speed, is sent permanently through a CAN signal on the bus. From here any ECU can be configured to accept that message to have access to the signal. › In Ethernet networks using Some/IP protocol information is not automatically obtained. To receive this information, node has to be assigned to a service and after this we can obtain data from the server. Some/IP needs a Client – Server configuration and so the ECU has to sent a request to the server to obtain Engine speed and the server will send requested data. › Some/IP can use both TCP and UDP packages, but in practice UDP is used because SOME/IP offer it’s own solution of data validation. Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 26

Communications in modern automotive systems Some/IP Protocol interface Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 27

Communications in modern automotive systems Some/IP Protocol interface › Some/IP Protocol offers a service oriented communication type. › So, can be splitted in 3 method : › Request – Response method › Event Notification – a Fire&Forget callback, that is sent out by the Server › Getter/Setter – represents a remote accessible property that includes Getter/Setter and/or Notification. Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 28

Content › › Communication in automotive systems Ethernet overview › › › Ethernet in the OSI Model Ethernet and the automotive world › › › › What is Ethernet? Evolution over time Use-cases for Ethernet in automotive Broad. R-Reach From bus to fully switched networks TCP/IP TCP and UDP SOME IP Diagnostic over IP Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 29

Communications in modern automotive systems Diagnostic over IP (Do. IP) › Protocol used since 2008, but only in 2012 appeared a standard specification for it ISO 13400. Standard describes how diagnostics services are sent via Ethernet, specifically how a diagnostic service pack has to look like. › For Diagnostic services, UDS protocol is used for diagnostic commands and for ECU flashing, TCP is used due to it’s possibility to confirm received data. Do. IP stack definition in ISO 13400 Standard Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 30

Communications in modern automotive systems Overview of Ethernet stack in Automotive Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 31

Communications in modern automotive systems Questions? Space for Sender Information Public 25 February 2021 Author, © Continental AG 32