Bits and Bytes Digital Information Basics What Computers
Bits and Bytes Digital Information Basics
What Computers Know Computer understand 2 forms of data: On & Off
Binary Code • Computers ‘read’ information using a 2 -digit number system: – 1 = On – 0 = Off • These two digits make up Binary Code
Binary Digits Bits Computer memory chips have tiny compartments called Bits Each Bit has an electrical ‘gate’ that is either ON or OFF ON 1 OFF 0 OFF 0
8 Bits = 1 Byte Each digital Byte represents either a letter or a number. Examples: M = 01001101 196 = 11000100
The Binary Code Process 1. The user types a letter on the keyboard 2. The keyboard sends an electric signal to the CPU 4. The computer reads the code and displays the letter on the monitor 3. The CPU converts the signal to Binary Code Clipart Source: http: //school. discoveryeducation. com/clipart/clip/comptable_color. html
Computer Memory Computer memory capacity is based on the number of Bytes. 1 Kilo. Byte (KB) = about 1, 000 Bytes 1 Mega. Byte (MB) = about 1, 000 Bytes 1 Giga. Byte (GB) = about 1, 000, 000 Bytes
Digital File Sizes The size of a computer file or document is based on the number of Bytes of information the file or document contains. More Complex Files = More Bytes • Word Processing Document (5 -50 KB) • Music File (10 -20 MB) • Digital Movie File ( > 40 MB)
Other File Sizes • • • Tera. Byte = 1, 000 Giga. Bytes! Peta. Byte = 1, 000 Tera. Bytes!! Exa. Byte = 1, 000 Peta. Bytes!!! Zetta. Byte = 1, 000 Exa. Bytes!!!! Yotta. Byte = 1, 000 Zetta. Bytes!!!!!
Information and Data Storage There are several different devices that can be used to store digital computer files Types – Magnetic Storage – Disk Storage – Flash Memory – Online Storage
Magnetic storage devices use a spinning metal platter or disk to store data. Information can be saved and retrieved based on the magnetic force. Examples: Floppy Disks (*no longer common) Computer Hard Drives
CD, DVD, & Blu-ray CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Disks are all types of EXTERNAL storage devices. All three are similar in that they save or “record” data onto round, layered disks. The key difference is the amount of information each type of disk can hold. Disk CD Type (R, RW) Storage 640 -700 Capacity MB DVD (R, RW, RAM) 1. 4 - 15 GB Blu-ray 25 - 50 GB
Flash Memory is a storage device that contains non-moving parts and saves data through electrical charges. Types of Flash Memory include: • USB Flash Drives • Multimedia Card • Smart. Media • Compact Flash Often used in Digital Cameras
Online Storage • Online Storage is sometimes referred to as ‘Cloud’ storage as there appears to be no physical storage device. • Files are saved on a server – a computer separate from the main system. • Users can both save and access their files through an internet or network connection. Clipart Source: http: //classroomclipart. com/clipart-view/Science/Technology/computer 4 B_jpg. htm
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