Birth Control Methods Abstinence NOT participating in sexual

Birth Control Methods

Abstinence NOT participating in sexual activity of any kind – remember, STD’s can still be transmitted through Oral and Anal sex and skin to skin contact. o 100% Effective against pregnancy o 100% Effective against STD transmission

How Birth Control Methods Work? Hormonal Methods – contain estrogen and/or progesterone. • Prevent ovulation (release of egg) • • • May also, thicken mucus around the cervix, making it difficult for sperm to pass through May also, change lining of uterus, making it difficult for fertilizedegg to attach All require a doctor visit and prescription Some are costly Need to be used correctly Most are impacted by other medications – such as antibiotics

How Birth Control Methods Work? Barrier Methods • Work by creating a physical barrier between sperm and egg cells so that fertilization cannot occur.

Hormonal Methods • • The Pill – taken daily The Ring – must be changed every 3 -4 weeks The Patch – must be changed every 3 -4 weeks The Shot - Injection of Progestin that is given every 3 months by a doctor • Implant – surgically implanted into woman’s arm – lasts up to 3 years • IUD- (Intrauterine Device) doctor inserts into a woman's uterus. Stays in for up to 5 years

Male Barrier Method A male condom is a thin sheath (usually made of latex, a type of rubber) that is worn on the penis. o Works by keeping semen from entering the vagina. o The male condom is placed on a guy's penis when it becomes erect. o Condoms may break, be expired, not used correctly, not used regularly o Provides some protection against STD transmission o “safer” sex NOT safe sex-NOT 100% o

Female Barrier Methods Diaphram- Domed shaped rubber disk. Covers cervix so sperm can’t reach uterus. Vaginal Sponge-A soft saucer-shaped sponge that blocks the cervix and absorbs semen-stays in 6 -8 hours after intercourse Cervical Cap-Soft rubber cap, fits snugly around the cervix. Used with spermicide. Protects for 48 hours.

Emergency Contraception o Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECP), n The Morning-After "Pill, " (Plan B, Next Choice, Ella) n PREVENTS Ovulation OR DELAYS Ovulation Used AFTER intercourse Effective up to 5 days – but MOST effective when taken CLOSEST to intercourse. In WA State – can purchase EC over the counter if over 17. If under 17 need a prescription to purchase. n n n o IF FERTILIZATION HAS OCCURED – NOTHING HAPPENS. (EC gets confused with “Abortion Pill” which is a totally different medication) o No Protection against STD transmission

Withdrawal “pulling out” Withdrawling the penis before ejaculation occurs inside of the vagina No Protection against STD transmission Not recommended as a form of birth control

Hormonal Methods vs Barrier Methos Hormonal. 8 -10 % failure rate in pregnancy prevention No Protection against STD transmission Barrier 12 -29% failure rate in pregnancy prevention Only condoms have been proven to reduce the risk of getting some STDs.

Method of Birth Control How Many Couples Using This Method Will Get Pregnant in a Year? Can This Method Also Protect Against STDs? Consistent Abstinence None Yes "The Patch" 8 out of 100 No "The Pill" 8 out of 100 No "The Ring" 8 out of 100 No “The Shot” IUD Female. Condom 3 out of 100 Fewer than 1 out of 100 21 out of 100 No No Yes Male Condom 18 out of 100 Yes Diaphragm 16 out of 100 No Emergency Contraception 1 to 2 out of 100 No Spermicide 29 out of 100 No Withdrawal ("Pulling Out") 27 out of 100 No Not Using Any Birth Control 85 out of 100 No

Choosing a birth control method • How effective is it against pregnancy? • Does it provide any STD protection? • How easy a particular birth control method is to use? • Will you be embarrassed? • Are you comfortable with using this method? • What are the side effects? • How much will it costs?

A few more facts o o 34% of men and 10% of women have told lies in order to have sex. 68% of men and 59% of women have been involved with more than one person that their current partner does not know about. It is estimated that 1 in 3 sexually active young people now have a Sexually Transmitted Infection 80% of people who have a STD experience no noticeable signs.