Birds Birds Reptile like animals Maintain constant internal

Birds

Birds • Reptile like animals • Maintain constant internal body temperature • Endotherm- control body temp using metabolism • Outer covering of feathers • 2 legs covered in scales • front limbs modified into wings

Groups of birds Almost 30 different orders, most common • Birds of prey ( raptors) • Perching birds ( songbirds, sparrows, cardinals) • Cavity nesting birds (woodpecker, toucans, etc) • Herons and relatives ( storks, herons, cranes, etc) • Parrots ( macaws, lovebirds, cockatoos) • Pelicans (pelicans, boobies, cormorants) • Ostriches ( ostriches, emus, etc)

Flight • Highly efficient digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems • Aerodynamic feathers and wings • Strong chest muscles

Feeding • Beak size/ shape based on feeding material • Lack teeth therefore uses crop to store food and gizzard to grind food • Esophagus- crop- stomach –gizzard- small intestine-large intestine- cloaca

Respiration • unique and highly efficient: one way airflow to ensure oxygen rich air always reaches lungs • Air sac to lungs

Circulation • 4 chambered heart with double loop system

Excretion Response • Excretion • Like reptiles, kidneys to uric acid, water removed white pasty solid in cloaca • Response • Well developed large brain compared to body size

Movement Reproduction • • • Movement Flight: hollow bones Reproduction Internal fertilization Amniotic eggs with hard outer shell