Biotronic Top line The Biotronic breakthrough in pathogen

Biotronic® Top line The ® Biotronic breakthrough in pathogen control Naturally ahead in dynamic acidification Dr. Kovács Attila DVM MV Sc Global Product Line Manager - Acids Naturally ahead

BACTERIA ARE EVERYWHERE • Number of bacteria on the earth: 5 000000000000000 Bacteria (five million trillion) Microbial biomass represents half of the biomass on earth. • Bacteria are everywhere – 106 bacteria on skin – 1010 bacteria in mouth – 1014 bacteria in the intestine • Every person coming in this room will add 37 million bacteria in the air for each hour of stay (William Nazaro)

MAJOR PATHOGEN SOURCES Water Feed Salmonella can survive 115 days in water and E. coli up to 11 weeks in excretions. Environment

GRAM-NEGATIVE/POSITIVE BACTERIA Gram- Gram+ Actinobacillus Bordetella Brucella Campylobacter Cyanobacteria Enterobacter Escherichia coli Franciscella Helicobacter 95% pathogenic Hemophilus Klebsiella Moraxella Pasteurella Proteus Pseudomonas Salmonella Serratia Shigella Treponema Vibrio Yersinia Clostridia Mycoplasmas Bacillus Listeria Lactobacillus Streptococcus Entercoccus Staphylococcus Corynebacterium Mycobacterium Actinomyces Norcardia

GRAM-NEGATIVE/POSITIVE BACTERIA Outer membrane • a barrier for external agents • a protecting against bile salts and digestive enzymes Lipopolysaccharide layer • resistance to hydrophobic antibiotics, detergents

INNOVATION BIOMIN® PERMEABILZING COMPLEX Biomin® Permeabilizing Complex is the unique permeabilizing substance identified to enhance the antimicrobial effect of the organic acids and the phytochemical against pathogenic bacteria. 1. Permeabilizing Complex weakens gram-negative bacteria outer membrane 2. Permeabilizing Complex facilitates entry of organic acids and phytochemical 3. Lethal injury of bacteria

A SUSCEPTIBILITY AND GROWTH INHIBITION TESTS

BACTERIA INHIBITION

GENERAL MODE OF ACTION ORGANIC ACIDS Undissociated Dissociated Uncharged and lipophilic compound can diffuse across cell membranes Conjugate base and cation which combines with H 2 O to form the hydronium ion H 3 O+ antimicrobial effect p. H reduction

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT Non dissociated form kills pathogenic bacteria • p. H reduction uses energy to restore p. H Intestinal p. H 5 -6 • Disruption of DNA and protein synthesis p. H 7 (Booth, 1985; Stratford & Anslow, 1998; Russel & Diez-Gonzales, 1998; Roe et al. , 1998; Krebs et al. , 1983; Cherrington et al. , 1983; Freese et al. , 1973) • Disruption of membranes Bacteria is not able to replicate

ENHANCEMENT OF EFFICACY § The efficacy of organic acids might be improved… Phytochemicals Organic acids combining them with phytochemicals!

BIOTRONIC® TOP LINE Biomin® Permeabilizing Complex Phytochemical Blend of organic acids Sequential Release Medium

SOW HEALTH Sow health status Finisher performance Future production Sow body condition Rearing performance Piglet performance

SOW HEALTH ENVIRONMENT: floor, ventilation, lightness, . . . CLIMATE: season, wind, temperature, . . . TOXINS: mycotoxins, heavy metals, . . Insemination management MANAGEMENT: hygiene, feed storage, . . . FEEDING: raw materials, components, fiber, water, . . Diseases: VIRAL: Parvo, Circo, Flu, . . . BACTERIAL: Coli, Salmonella

SOW HEALTH 3 key points of action of Biotronic®

SOW HEALTH Feed an water

FEED HYGIENE Why to care about hygiene? Feed business • Bad reputation • Loss of revenue • Business closure • Legal action and penalties Farm business • Productivity loss • Increased mortality • Medical expenses • Reduced profitability • Legal action and penalties Global problems • Contribution of contaminated animal feed to human foodborne illness • Contribution to increased use of antibiotics – increased antibiotic resistance

SOW HEALTH FEED APPROACH p. H reduction Buffer capacity reduction Antimicrobial effect: E. coli, Salmonella Main benefits: Unfavorable conditions for pathogens Digestibility enhancement Gram negative bacteria reduction

BUFFER CAPACITY REDUCTION Dietary acidification GIT acidification: • Reduces stomach p. H • Activates pepsinogen into pepsin, optimum p. H 2. 5 -3. 0 • Stimulates pancreatic enzymes secretion • Creates a barrier for pathogens

Weaning time: • Diet change from sows milk into solid diet • Not fully developed digestive system • Insufficient amount of HCl • Low activity of amylase and trypsin (no energy extraction from soybeancorn diet) • Environmental stress (regrouping) • Passive immunity diminishes, whereas active is not yet developed p. H value Post weaning lag Non infectious diarrhoea (NID) • Undigested protein • Undigested carbohydrates • Microbial fermentation in large intestine Post weaning diarrhoea syndrome (PWDS) • Enterotoxigenic E. coli • Immature active immunity p. H - optimum of pepsin activity weaning

Piglet Trial Scientific trial, Hunan University (China) Results on p. H reduction in feed and GIT NC PC Biotronic® p. H in feed 5. 78 5. 73 5. 59 Buffer capacity in feed, ml of HCl 21. 7 20. 1 13. 2 p. H in stomach 4. 28 a 4. 30 a 3. 67 b p. H in doudenum 5. 39 5. 35 5. 75 p. H in jejunum 6. 53 6. 58 6. 42 p. H in ileum 6. 97 7. 02 6. 89 p. H in colon 6. 28 6. 52 6. 51 a, b Means with different superscripts differ significantly; P<0. 05

GROWTH OF BACTERIA IN FEED • Water activity (active water = water which is not connected to the feed particles) • Oxygen • p. H value • Nutrient composition of feed matrix Bone, meat and fish meals have been associated with high rates of Salmonella contamination • Temperature Example: • The optimal temperature for E. coli O 157: H 7 is 37°C, min 7 -8°C and max 46°C. • The optimal p. H is 6 - 7, however it might stand a p. H range between 4. 4 to 9. 0. • The E. coli O 157: H 7 doubles in number approximately every 0. 4 h at the optimal temperature and p. H value.

FEED HYGIENE § Thermal treatment does not protect against feed recontamination!!! Location Peisker, 2006 EC, mean log 10 cfu/g Salmonella, % Mixer 3. 81 8. 79 Pellet mill 1. 51 4. 76 Cooler 1. 58 3. 23 Load out 1. 93 5. 26 *EC= Enterobacteriaceae Jones and Richardson, 2004

SOW HEALTH § Water is the forgotten nutrient § 82 % of the newborn piglets and 55 % of the fattening pigs is water § Insufficient water intake § Growth § Milk production § Overheating Bad quality water transmits disease

WATER HYGIENE p. H is a power of the concentration of hydrogen ion. Favorable conditions for pathogens Unfovarable conditions for pathogens

IMPROVEMENT OF WATER QUALITY § Chlorination § 5 ppm chloride is allowed § 10 -150 ppm chloride: body weight, daily water intake § Acidification § Improvement of chlorination § Reduction of p. H and bacteria

Chlorination: § hypochlorous acid – stronger disinfectant and oxidant Hypochloride ion PH IMPORTANT FOR CHLORINATION Ratio of hypochlorous acid and hypochloride ion depends on water p. H Hypochlorous acid § hypochloride ion alkaline neutral acidic

PH TOLERANCE OF PATHOGENS Start of growth

BIOTRONIC® TOP LIQUID § Dose depends on initial p. H and water hardness

SOW HEALTH GIT and urinary tract

GIT SAFETY

PH REDUCTION Main acidification benefits in GI tract • Reduced stomach p. H • Activates pepsinogen into pepsin, optimum p. H 2. 5 -3. 0 • Creates a barrier for pathogens • Stimulates pancreatic enzymes secretion

PIGLET HEALTH § Microbes and morphology of GIT using acidifier product NC PC Biotronic® E. coli 6. 302 a 5. 970 b 5. 873 b Coliforms 8. 277 a 7. 977 b 8. 151 b Salmonella typhimurium 8. 220 a 7. 941 b 8. 053 ab Lactobacillus 6. 295 a 6. 172 a 6. 515 b Bifidobacteria 6. 891 a 6. 878 a 7. 130 b Villi length, µm 418. 33 a 448. 63 ab 456. 18 b Crypt depth, µm 192. 37 188. 77 187. 15 Ileum, Log cfu/g Histology of jejunum a, b Means with different superscripts differ significantly; P<0. 05

SOW HEALTH Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Sows Under intensive confinement conditions the sows’ vulvas are often placed in direct contact with faces (SMITH, 1990) The dog-sitting position helps to force fecal material into the vagina. There are several reports of identical O and K serotypes of E. coli being found in bladder, uterus and udder indicating that the microorganisms underlying these infections are often the same (DEE, 1992). Biksi 2000 reports a strong epidemiological association between urocystitis and endometritis.

SOW HEALTH Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Sows A close relationship exists between the urinary p. H value and the acid-base balance (ACB) of the diet (Urine p. H = 3*10 -6 x ACB 2+ 0. 003 x ACB + 6. 19). Cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) are effective in increasing the ACB while anions (P, Cl) having acidifying effects. Decreasing the urine p. H leads to a more appropriate anion-cation balance and helps maintain a healthy urinary tract.

SOW HEALTH Urine p. H value of urine 8. 0 7. 5 7. 0 6. 5 6. 0 5. 5 7. 23 7. 20 7. 71 a 7. 08 b 7. 51(a) 7. 13(b) 5. 0 4. 5 4. 0 1 st cycle 2 nd cycle Control a, b Total Biotronic® Top 3 values not sharing the same letter between columns were significantly different (p<0. 05) values not sharing the same letter between columns were tending to be significantly different (p<0. 10) (a), (b)

SOW HEALTH Reducing the pathogenic pressure in sows, reduces the immune responses Reduced energy loss

SOW HEALTH Sows with rectal temperature >= 39, 4 °C 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8 5 Rectal temperature >= 39, 4 °C Control n = 12 sows/ group Biotronic® Top 3

SOW HEALTH Faeces and environment

SOW HEALTH Reduction of pathogenic bacteria in the GIT Reduction of pathogenic bacteria in environment Reduction of urinary infections Reduction of piglet GIT contamination

BORN PIGLETS AND BACKFAT AT 1 ST MATING

EFFECT OF BIOTRONIC® Backfat (mm) 25 20 15 10 17 19 19 20 18 19 17 18 17 17 16 17 15 16 Day 0 Moving to farrowing 1. Lactation week 2. Lactation week 3. Lactation week Weaning Insemination 5 0 Control Biotronic® Top 3

Piglet Trial Scientific trial, Hunan University (China) Results on growth performance NC PC BTR Top 3 n = 32 Initial BW d 35, kg 10. 0 10. 9 Final BW d 91, kg 42. 5 a FI, g/animal/day No. animals DWG, g Mortality, no of animals a, b Δ, % NC vs BTR Top 3 Δ, % PC vs BTR Top 3 10. 7 / / 43. 2 a 48. 1 b +13 +11 1092 a 1112 a 1269 b +16 +14 580 a 578 ab 668 b +15 +16 1 2 / Means with different superscripts differ significantly; P<0. 05

BIOTRONIC® TOP LINE Main acidification benefits • Acidification of feed and water and reducing buffer capacity • Reduced stomach p. H • Activates pepsinogen into pepsin, optimum p. H 2. 5 -3. 0 • Creates a barrier for pathogens Antimicrobial effect • Stimulates pancreatic enzymes secretion

® Biotronic Naturally ahead in dynamic acidification Dr. Kovács Attila DVM MV Sc Global Product Line Manager - Acids attila. kovacs@biomin. net Naturally ahead