Biotic Pollination Plantanimal interactions often mutualisms Mystery slide
Biotic Pollination • Plant-animal interactions, often mutualisms Mystery slide…. .
Biotic Pollination • Cheaters prosper? ? Animal cheaters. • Yucca moth story • Yucca filamentosa
Biotic Pollination • Pollination: yucca moth • Behavior: female
Biotic Pollination • Mutualism: plant pollinated, moth young eat seeds • If moth cheats (too many eggs? )
Biotic Pollination
Biotic Pollination Interesting plant-animal interactions, often mutualisms Fish affect pollination? Mystery slide…. .
Biotic Pollination • Fish affect pollination? • Peelbark St. John’s wort (Hypericum fasciculatum) • Pond margins
Biotic Pollination • Trophic cascade: Effects
Ch. 7: Plant Growth and Reproduction (Seed Dispersal)
“Thinking” like a plant…. • Coast redwood tree – 2, 000 yrs. : to 10 billion seeds • Safe site: location suitable for
Why disperse? • 1) Escape competition (parent/siblings) • Seed shadow: pattern Usually “acorn doesn’t fall far from tree” Bristlecone pine: lives up to 5000 years!
Why disperse? • Ex, Fremontodendron decumbens (Pine Hill flannel bush)
Why disperse? • Ex, Fremontodendron decumbens (Pine Hill flannel bush)
Why disperse? • Ex, Fremontodendron decumbens • Seed shadow
Why disperse? • 2) Escape predation/disease (often density-dependent: positively correlate w/ density)
Why disperse? • Ex, Fremontodendron decumbens (Pine Hill flannel bush)
• 3) Find Axl! Why disperse? From Plant Ecology Soundtrack Now available i. Tunes!
• 4) Gene winter Why disperse? summer
• 5) Maintain “ winter Why disperse? summer
Why disperse? • Track “climate envelopes” (climate change) • Climate envelope:
Dispersal in seed plants • Seed: baby
Fruits • Fruit: Mature ovary • Ovary wall becomes pericarp
Fruits • Pericarp: specialized layers • At most: – exocarp: – mesocarp: – endocarp:
Fruits vs seeds • Dry indehiscent fruits – Achene: 1 seed,
Fruits vs seeds • Dry indehiscent fruits – grain (caryopsis): rice
Resolution • What’s dispersed: fruit or seed? • Diaspore: Single dispersal
Fruit/seed coat functions • 1) Protection:
Fruit/seed coat functions • 2) Seed dormancy – Seal out water/O 2 (______: scarification) Remember?
Fruit/seed coat functions • 3) Seed dispersal • Wings, barbs Left vs. right….
Seed Dispersal • Abiotic: no • Biotic: animal
Ballistic dispersal • Abiotic – Ballistic dispersal: fruit throws
Wind/water dispersal • Other abiotic (physical forces) • Wind dispersal Dispersing ________ fruits (achenes)
Wind/water dispersal • Other abiotic (physical forces) • Wind dispersal (dandelion) Dispersing Taraxacum fruits (achenes) *controversy!
Plant Ecology Theatre See the whole scene! http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=zqt. S 9 xyl 0 f 4
Biotic • Biotic seed dispersal – Epizoochory: Diaspore Example from lab #3 (weed lab)
Epizoochory – Ex, Devil’s claw (Proboscidea) Devil’s claw fruits) Now? Extinct ground sloth with fruits attached
Epizoochory – 17 top “hitchhiker plants, ”
Dispersal Mutualisms • Epizoochory: Some mutualisms. • Ex, scatter hoarding
- Slides: 38