Biotechnology RD in India Dr Renu Swarup Adviser

Biotechnology R&D in India Dr. Renu Swarup, Adviser Department of Biotechnology Ministry of Science & Technology Government of India 28 February, 2013

What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology is …. “Any technique that uses living organisms, or substances from those organisms, to make or modify a product to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses”.

India’s Research Scenario • Population 1. 2 billion • No. of researchers - 0. 15 million ( 140 per million) • No. of universities - 457 • No. of publications – 65, 000 per year ( 3. 1% share) • About 1% of GDP is spent on R&D • World share of output over 2006 -2010 – 3. 3% • Citation impact 2006 -2010 – 0. 68 • Narrowing gap between India and established economics 3

India – Major S&T Agencies Ministry of Science and Technology Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Department of Science and Technology (DST) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Ministry of Earth Sciences Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) Department of Space (Do. S) Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Department of Health & Family Welfare Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Ministry of Agriculture Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Ministry of Environment and Forests

Department of Biotechnology 1982 : National Biotechnology Board (NBTB) 1986 : Department of Biotechnology (DBT) 2012 : Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)

VISION “Attaining new heights in biotechnology research, shaping biotechnology into a premier precision tool of the future for creation of wealth and ensuring social justice – specially for the welfare of the poor”.

Budget allocation for S&T agencies Directions of Growth 8

Plant Genome Research Crop Biotechnology and Transgenics Neurosciences Immunology New Generation Vaccines Micropropagation Biodiversity Inventorisation, Characterisation, Conservation Prospecting of Genes and Molecules Diagnostics Molecular probes Gene therapy and functional genomics BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE NEW MILLENIUM A FEW GLIMPSES Bioproduct Development Down Stream Processing Environmental Pollution abatemant Animal Biotechnology Cell Science Patenting in Biotechnology and Biosafety Aquaculture and Marine Resource Bioinformatics Human Resource Development pecial Societal Programmes

Biotechnology pervades multiple facets of life Agriculture § Transgenics crops, designer breeding, plants as biofactories, biopesticides, biofertilizers, diagnostics Human health § Biodrugs, vaccines, diagnostics, biomarkers, cell & tissue engineering products, artificial organs, nano based drug delivery systems, biobased implants and devices Animal § Transgenics, vaccines, diagnostics, feed, biofactories Bioresources § Bioactives and drugs, biological processes, microbial prospecting Environment § Bioremediation, pollution abatement, biofuels Industrial /Manufacturing § Enzymes, biomass based bioproducts, disposable GMP biofactories, plant based bioactives bionutraceuticals, biosensors, bioequipment and enabling technology platforms 11

Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field Integrated development is essential • • • • Biological and material science Physical Science Chemical Science Engineering – bioengineering, electronics Medicine Agronomics Aquaculture Animal Science Energy Bioscience Environment Science Bioresource Nano Science Forestry l Investment and Finance l Management l Law 12

DBT Technology Focus § § § § § Vaccines and Diagnostics -Human , Animal Stem Cells Implants and devices Transgenics and marker assisted breeding Animal vaccines, feed and breeding Bioresources utilization (drugs, antivirals others) Food and nutrition technology Bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers Novel and green manufacturing /technologies

Genomics based strategy is now required for drought, salinity, heat …. l Strategic basic research Ø l Designer breeding Ø Ø l l Discover genes, genomic regions and their function Transgenics Molecular assisted breeding New Models of R&D Major capacity building in genomics and designer breeding

Genome Initiative: India Moves Ahead ! Rice Tomato Sugarcane Chickpea Wheat Coffee Chromosome 11 Chromosome 5 Complete Bacterial Genome Silk worm

National Programme on Energy Biosciences Bioethanol • Re-engineered feed stock • Re-engineered microorganisms • Process optimization Algal Biofuel • Collection and characterization • Establishment of repositories Capacity Building • Energy Bioscience Chairs • Energy Bioscience Overseas Fellowships • Development of production system Energy Bioscience Centre Biodiesel Next generation Biofuels • Quality planting material • Improved feed stock • Process optimization • Biohydrogen • Biobutanol • Synthetic biology More than 53 research institutes, universities and industries involved

Screening for Bio-Molecules from Microbial Diversity from Different Ecological Niches NEERI NCCS Effluent Treatment plants /contaminated sites Western Ghats, Insect guts GNDU Wet land ecosystems of North West India 7000 isolates /month MSSRF Eastern Ghats, and Mangroves Area Univ Delhi Hot Springs of Himachal Pradesh IBSD North East area ILS Extremophiles from Orissa, Bihar and West Bengal IGIB River Sediments NIO Marine isolates

Country’s largest Microbial Culture Collection Centre Set Up at NCCS, Pune Recognized as International Depositary Authority (IDA) w. e. f. 9 th April 2011 • Has a capacity to hold more than 2, 000 bacteria and fungi • Presently holding 100, 000 culture

Environmental Biotechnology Oil Zapper • Bacterial consortium (5 strains) - ‘Oilzapper’ for remediation of oily sludge and crude oil spills developed by TERI, New Delhi and demonstrated at a number of refineries • Technology transferred to Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd, Mumbai and Sriram Biotech Ltd. ; used in Kuwait and Oman on contract basis

Stem Cell Research - Strategy Basic Stem Cell Research Stem Cell Bank Stem Cell Therapy Production Unit Stem Cell Clinical Trials Licensed Product Manufacture

Vaccine Grand Challenge Vaccines in Trials or Transferred to Industry Ø Rotaviral Diarrhoea Ø Japanese Encephalitis Ø Rabies Ø Dengue Ø Typhoid Ø Malaria Ø Leprosy Ø Anthrax Ø Cholera Ø Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis India A Vaccine Manufacturing Hub

National Biodesign Alliance: partnering institutions AIIMS+ IIT, Delhi Focus: Implants & Devices, invitro Diagnostics THSTI AIIMS Focus: In -vitro Diagnosis IIT, Chennai + Ramachandran Hospital. Focus: Implants & Device National Biodesign Alliance ICGEB Focus: In-vitro Diagnostics Other IITs with medical school Focus: Implants & Devices Other Clusters CMC, Vellore Focus: In-vitro Diagnosis

Stanford-India Biodesign Programme Creating Entrepreneurs A better way to gain intra-osseous access in emergency patients. An effective and consistent way to deliver chest compressions to sudden cardiac arrest victims Esophagus Entry Trachea Entry Non-invasive, rapid and definitive way of airway management.

NCCS Pune NIPGR New delhi IBSD Manipur DBT’s Existing Autonomous Institutions RCGB Trivendrum ILS Bhubaneswer NBRC Manesar NII CDFD Hyderabad

New Institutions Ø National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani Ø Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana Ø National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabd Ø Translational Health Sciences and Technology Institute, Faridabad Ø National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute and Bioprocessing Unit, Mohali, Punjab Ø Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerated Medicine, Bangalore Ø Institute of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Ø Institute of Marine & Microbial Biotechnology Ø Biotechnology Regulatory Authority of India (BRAI) Ø Institute of Biodesign, Bioscience & Bioengineering (includes Medical Centre) Ø Institute of Chronic Disease Science & Biotechnology Ø Infectious Science & Biotechnology Institute in North East (linking to THSTI as partner for training & Education)

Research Facilities , Resources, and Services üAutomated high-throughput DNA sequencing facilities üPhytotron Facility üNational Containment - cum - Quarantine Facility for transgenic planting material üNational Plant Gene Repository üTechnology Platform for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops üInternational Depository authority for patent deposits of microorganisms üAccess to European Synchtron Research Facility, Grenoble üPrimate Research Platform üMicrobial Respository üNational Certification system for Tissue culture raised Plants üCore Immunological Laboratory for vaccine immune responses üBiomolecular characterisation centre

Bioinformatics Network § § § § § Total number of Centres 168 Centre of Excellences (Co. Es) 5 Distributed Information Centres (DICs)- 11 Distributed Information Sub Centres 50 Bioinformatics Infra. Facility 101 Apex BTIC Graphics Facility 6 MSc/M. Tech/Diploma R&D Projects 97 1 5

Developing the Human Resource Ø The Department of Biotechnology is implementing an integrated programme of human resource development in biotechnology comprising of postgraduate teaching programmes in biotechnology to create a pool of talented students and upgrading skills of mid career scientists and faculty by specialized training in leading national laboratories and overseas laboratories. • Postgraduate M. Sc. / M. Tech teaching programme • Details of ongoing teaching programmes • PG diplomas (Post M. Sc. /M. D. /MS/ M. Tech) • Biotech industrial training programme • Training programmes • Star college scheme for strengthening of life science and biotechnology education and training at undergraduate level

Career Development Opportunities • Rapid Grant for Young Investigators (RGYI) • FAST TRACK Scheme for Young Scientists • National Bioscience Awards for Career Development • Innovative Young Biotechnologist Award (IYBA) • Biotechnology Career Advancement and Re-orientation (Bio-care) Programme / Awards for Women Scientists • Women Scientists Scheme (WOS-A) • Tata Innovation Fellowship • Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) 29

Re-entry Fellowship / Grant Schemes • Ramanujan Fellowship • Ramalingaswamy Fellowship • Energy Bioscience Fellowship • Wellcome Trust Fellowship 30

New Global Partnerships Indo-Swiss Stanford Biodesign Indo-UK Indo-US Collaboration with IAVI, GATES Indo-Australia Indo-Canada Indo-Denmark Indo-EU Indo-Finland Indo-German Indo-Japan Foundation, MVI, PATH, Indo-Norway Wellcome. Trust International partnerships HST, 31

Department of Biotechnology How it has evolved Enterprise Innovation Discovery

BIRAC to Nurture Industry R&D 30% budget to be spent on PPP

Drivers of Innovation • Real Public R&D expenditure • R&D personnel per million persons • Education share of GDP • IP protection • Cluster specific environment • R&D funded by industry • R&D performed by universities • Global / National Model 34

Ø India is in 12 th rank in the world in biotechnology and 3 rd largest in Asia-Pacific after Japan and Korea. Ø The Sector employees approximately 20, 000 scientists and over 352 companies drive it towards further growth.

Science Clusters Strength of Synergy Faridabad Mohali Bangalore Teaching, discovery, creativity, innovation as a federation

Institutional Redesign Mechanisms to make industry –academia interaction happen § Concept and design centers § Technologies licensing and management § Incubation § Ignition, pre competitive grants 38

About BIRAC A ‘Not for Profit Company’ set up by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India as an Interface Agency to strengthen and empower the emerging Biotech enterprise to undertake strategic research and innovation, addressing nationally relevant product development needs.

BIRAC Strategies Foster innovation and entrepreneurship in all places of research Promote affordable innovation in key social sectors Higher focus on start ups & small and medium enterprises Contribute through partners for capability enhancement Encourage diffusion of innovation through partners Enable commercialization of discovery Ensure global competitiveness of Indian enterprises

How does BIRAC accomplish its Mission

To promote innovation, high risk research product development and commercialization Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme (BIPP) Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI) Pharmaceutical Research & Development Support Fund (PRDSF) Public. Private Partnership Funding Options Technopreneur Promotion Program (Te. PP) Biotechnology Ignition Grant (BIG) Contract Research/Service Scheme (CRS)

The Vision and Opportunity for Indian Biotechnology : An $100 billion dollar industry by 2025.

Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2013 The guiding vision of aspiring Indian STI enterprise is to accelerate the pace of discovery and delivery of science-led solutions for faster, sustainable and inclusive growth.

A Biotechnology Enterprise of future BRAI Regulation DBT BIRAC Science Innovation People Entrepreneurship Infrastructure Public -Private Partnership Legislations