Biotechnology MiniUnit Outcome Explore the impacts of historical
Biotechnology Mini-Unit Outcome: Explore the impacts of historical, current, and emerging biotechnologies on self, society, and the environment
Biotechnology • a. Identify examples of historical, current and emerging biotechnologies (e. g. , selective breeding, applications of fermentation, genetic engineering, cloning, gene therapy, assistive reproductive technologies and synthetic biology). (K, A, STSE) b. Explore how societal pressures such as food, energy and resource shortages can drive the development of biotechnologies. (A, K, STSE) c. Research a medical (e. g. , 3 -D bio printing, personalized medicine, genetic testing and screening and gene therapy) or industrial (e. g. , use of recombinant DNA, biofuels and bioremediation) application of biotechnology. (S, STSE) d. Explore potential positive and negative impacts of a specific biotechnology (e. g. , the use of stem cells, genetically modified and synthetic organisms and synthetic DNA) on individuals and society. (A, STSE)
What is a biotechnology? • _________ is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2). What are they? What can they be used for? • • •
What is a biotechnology? • Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2). What are they? What can they be used for? • Genetic screening • Selective Breeding • GMOs • Cloning • Assistive Reproductive Technologies • CRISPR (Gene Editing)
Optional Viewing – Netflix: Bill Nye Saves the World - GMOs • What are they? • What does the evidence apparently say?
Bill Nye - GMOs • What are they? Genetically Modified Organism • What does the evidence apparently say? The evidence says that there isn’t anything wrong with them. However there is a lot of fear with the potential implications of putting different DNA in different organisms. Despite this, there isn’t necessarily an increase in crop yields (amount of crop produced) from GMOs, but expenses related to crop management may decline or be more efficient.
CRISPR • What it is? • Kills HIV and Zika Virus? Gene Editing will Change Everything – In a Nutshell - You. Tube
CRISPR • What it is? A new DNA sequencing technology that easily segments/separates specific regions of DNA from it’s parent strand. • Kills HIV and Zika Virus? This basically finds and cuts the RNA of viruses inside of an organism. • What are long term implications of DNA Editing?
Different Types of Biotechnology • What are the applications of fermentation? • What is lactic acid? How does it connect to working out? How might we direct kinesiology studies with this in mind (or what could be a solution)? • What is ethyl alcohol?
Different Types of Biotechnology • What are the applications of fermentation? Alcohol! • What is lactic acid? How does it connect to working out? How might we direct kinesiology studies with this in mind (or what could be a solution)? It is created to generate energy in our muscles when oxygen in depleted. We could potentially direct KIN studies to removing excess lactate (byproduct) or enhance oxygen flow to muscles. • What is ethyl alcohol? BOOZE! Very significant part of society economically and socially.
3 -D Bio Printing • Beauty the Bald Eagle • Biomimicry • Implications?
3 -D Bio Printing • Beauty the Bald Eagle 3 D Printer Constructed Replacement Beak • Biomimicry Creating devices or objects that mimic that of what is found in the wild. • Implications? Bioprinting can be used for prosthetics or aid in harm management of ecosystems by repairing damage caused though hunting or habitat destruction
Positives and Negatives • Same old question: “where is the line? ” • We’re okay with GMOs even though the haters say we don’t know what will happen. • If there’s no evidence against altering DNA, what’s the issue? • “Playing God” why does/doesn’t that matter?
Legislation • How does this impact governmental decisions then? • Should GMOs be legal (are they legal everywhere)? • How much testing should occur till something is allowed for public use and consumption? • What if it has tremendous curing properties but a revealed side-effect comes out several years after it is rushed into production (ie. Thalidomide)? • Legalization of weed – yay or nay?
Biotechnology • e. Explore how the use and misuse of antibiotics has led to increased bacterial resistance, including the emergence of superbugs. (K, STSE) f. Critique how individuals and groups use and misuse scientific information to support their positions regarding biotechnologies such as vaccines. (A, STSE) g. Critique the media’s role in crafting public perception related to biotechnologies (e. g. , vaccines, genetically modified organisms and genetic screening). (STSE, A, S) h. Analyze the role of regulation and legislation in providing a level of public safety pertaining to applications of biotechnology. (STSE) i. Defend a position related to intellectual property rights in biotechnology such as genome ownership and whether patents should include owning the rights to organisms or parts of organisms. (S, A, STSE) j. Examine the Human Genome Project (HGP) as an example of a collaborative scientific endeavour. (A, STSE)
Antibiotics and Vaccinations • Why do we need to use all of them? • Time-lapse of how it may work • How does this connect to vaccinations? (Herd immunity)
Antibiotics and Vaccinations • Why do we need to use all of them? Completely kill the bacteria to avoid allowing mutated antibiotic-resistant bacteria to thrive. • Time-lapse of how it may work • How does this connect to vaccinations? (Herd immunity) Not everyone vaccinates, so some individuals may be acting as a breeding ground for viruses to multiply and mutate (and potentially infect those vaccinated).
Jimmy Kimmel – Anti-Vaxxers • Have we watched this? Anti-Vaccinations What is the significance of anti-vaccination movement? Why are these viruses re-emerging? Why is there fear of vaccinations? Does it only effect those unvaccinated? • What are other examples in which we misuse science to further a personal agenda (examples: articles about Wine, Coffee)?
How does the media influence these things? • Climate change is presented in the media as a 50 -50 fight (scientific community, it’s not). • Talking about it (“it” being anti-vaccinations), gets it face-time and exposure. But do we ignore it then? • How does simply talking about connect into cognitive ease?
Good means to critique what we read Bad Science
HGP – Human Genome Project • What is it? “Key findings of the draft (2001) and complete (2004) genome sequences include: • There approximately 22, 300[28] protein-coding genes in human beings, the same range as in other mammals. • The human genome has significantly more segmental duplications (nearly identical, repeated sections of DNA) than had been previously suspected. [29][30][31] • At the time when the draft sequence was published fewer than 7% of protein families appeared to be vertebrate specific. [32]”
HGP – Human Genome Project • What is it? Mapping of the human genome – figuring out every nucleotide base pair that exists in a human’s DNA – international endeavour by scientists in 1990 s-2003. Was believed humans were so complex we’d never figure it out. Humans share 99. 9% of their genetic code with one another. That 0. 1% difference in the combination of C, G, T, A makes you unique.
23 and. Me – DNA and Genetic Testing • You can get your DNA sequenced! Health and Ancestry Service is normally $249 (wait for it to go on sale for various amounts)! • What if they have your DNA after this though, does this present any problems? • Ancestry. com owns your DNA when they do this. Think of social media outlets taking information about you and selling it, why can this be problematic? How would conspiracy theorists feel about this?
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