BIOTECHNOLOGY Introduction to Biotechnology definition and purpose Uses

BIOTECHNOLOGY

¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Introduction to Biotechnology (definition and purpose) Uses of Biotechnology in Society (GMOs, Gene Therapy) Cloning Notes Mimi Mouse Cloning Internet Simulation Review Transgenic Organisms (Gene Splicing, Recombinant DNA) Introduction to Gel Electrophoresis Pass Out Evolution Review and Vocabulary ¡ HW – Skim Pages 391 -413 (Define: Genetic Engineering, PCR, restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, gene therapy) ¡ WOD: Biotechnology, GMO, Gene Therapy, Cloning, Transgenic Organism, Gel Electrophoresis

Technology ¡ List 10 types of technology ¡ Ready, Set, Go… ¡ Look at your list. Under your list, write a definition of technology

Technology ¡ What is technology? Technology is defined as “the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a pre-existing solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function. ”

Today’s Objective • What is Biotechnology? • What are some types of Biotechnology?

Biotechnology What does the Prefix Bio- mean? Technology- Making, modifying and using tools, machines, techniques, and systems to problem solve, improve, and complete functions … USING LIFE

Humans have been manipulating nature for centuries. • • Any time a human has manipulated life in a way to benefit man has been biotechnology Some examples you might not have thought of as Biotechnology:

What about new advances? I. Cloning II. Transgenic Organisms III. Mapping the Human Genome

Cloning Making a CLONE What is a clone? An IDENTICAL COPY (GENETICALLY)

Cloning CREATING AN IDENTICAL COPY OF AN INDIVIDUAL ORGANISM. How? ? ¡ removing the nucleus of a body cell and substituting this nucleus for the nucleus in an egg ¡ The egg then thinks it has been fertilizes and develops in a test tube ¡ Once large enough it can be placed into a foster mother and develop and be born naturally.

A Body Cell B Egg Cell A ?

Lets Give it a Try ¡ http: //learn. genetics. utah. edu/cont ent/cloning/clickandclone/

Transgenic Organism Break the words down Trans- Transfer Genic- Genetic Transgenic Organism- transferring genes from one organism into another

Transgenic Organism Vocabulary Trans- Transfer Genic- Genetic Transgenic Organism- transferring genes from one organism into another Recombinant DNA Recombining DNA from two different organisms

Transgenic Organism STEPS 1) Choose your organism and your desired trait 2) Cut the gene 3) Insert the gene 4) New DNA, codes for a new trait Voilà 5)

What activity did we do that created a Transgenic organism?

Examples ¡ Corn that glows when its dehydrated ¡ Bacteria that produces Insulin ¡ ¡ Cavity causing bacteria producing ethanol instead of acid A glow in the dark tobacco plant, fish, bunny, dog, cat, monkey, scorpion…

Technique: Gene Splicing 21

Study the picture. ¡ What is happening? ¡ How is it happening? ¡

How does new DNA make new traits?

Why? Organisms may be genetically modified for any number of reasons. Genetic modification may be performed to make organisms more vigorous, to add resistance to specific threats, or for the goal of expressing a particular trait. ¡ It can be used for everything from adding nutrition to staple crops for the benefit of people in the developing world to making fish glow so that they can be sold as novelty pets. ¡

Pros of Transgenic Organisms 1. 2. 3. Make money from new products. Make products that can improve health of humans – like insulin or Human Growth Hormone Make food crops more nutritious, larger and disease resistant. 25

The Con’s of Transgenic Organisms 1. 2. 3. Creating organisms that could not survive in the natural world Accidently releasing the recombinant genes into wild populations. Intentionally making “bad” organisms for biological warfare. 26

Study the picture. ¡ Come up with a definition of Gene Therapy ¡

Mapping Genomes What is a Genome? When you see Gen, think Genetics A genome is the entire genetic makeup of an organism

How is it done? ¡ The mapping of the human genome

What can this allow us to do? ¡ Test for genetic conditions ¡ Design babies?

DESIGN YOUR OWN BABY ¡ ¡ On the next slide select traits you would like the geneticist to eliminate from your egg and sperm. Checking the box ensures your child will not receive these traits or that you can control them

Video Links ¡ News Segment ¡ Gattaca ¡ What if….

DESIGNER BABIES ¡ In the 1997 science-fiction movie Gattaca, lead character Vincent Freeman is one of the "In. Valids. " When Freeman was a baby, a test of his DNA revealed that he would grow up to have bad eyesight and die at age 30. With such poor prospects, he was slotted into the bottom of society and given a dead-end job. But Vincent dreams of becoming an astronaut. So he borrows the genetic identity of a "Valid, " a man with desirable DNA. Shortly before Vincent's spaceflight is due for takeoff, a murder investigation threatens to expose his true genetic self.

So where do you stand? • How do you feel about the use of biotechnology? – Pretend you could go back in time and take this technology with you. Would you want your parents to have you genetically tested? How about genetically designed? Why or why not. EXPLAIN

• • Collect Biotechnology Vocabulary Gel Electrophoresis Notes (Steps) Gel Electrophoresis Internet Simulation BEGIN EVOLUTION: Natural Selection Notes (439541 in book) • Thumbs! • Darwin vs Lamarck • HW – First Page of review and vocabulary • WOD: Evolution, Natural Selection, Adaptation, Mutation

Gel Electrophoresis • DEFINED: : a technique used to separate DNA using an electric field applied to a gel matrix. • Used for analytical purposes (who’s the culprit or who’s the daddy) or to prepare for gene splicing or cloning.

Step one: cut it Step two: put it in wells Step three: zap it with electricity Step four: use probes and Xrays to analyze results

Gel Electrophoresis • Create a DNA Fingerprint Worksheet • http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/a nalyze. html • In this internet simulation you will be a detective trying to get to the bottom of a somewhat silly crime