Biosphere Reserves and Global Geoparks UNESCO tools to

Biosphere Reserves and Global Geoparks: UNESCO tools to achieve the SDGs and to Climate Action SDG 13 and Life on Land, SDG 15 Dr. Miguel Clüsener-Godt Chief of Section on MAB Research and Policy: Ecology and Biodiversity Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences Natural Sciences Sector UNESCO 1

UNESCO designated sites UNESCO designates sites to encourage national governments and local communities to identify special sites and work together to ensure their conservation and sustainable use for current and future generations. 2

Area (ha) protected by UNESCO sites at the global level 3

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Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme • Intergovernmental scientific programme that aims to establish a scientific basis for enhancing the relationship between people and their environments. • Develop and strengthen models for sustainable development in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) • Communicate the experiences and lessons learned • Support evaluation and high-quality management, strategies and policies for sustainable development and planning • Support Member States and stakeholders to urgently meet the SDGs through experiences from the WNBR 5

¿What are biosphere reserves? • Internationally recognized sites by UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme that include terrestrial, marine and coastal ecosystems. • They promote solutions reconciling the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. • Sites for testing interdisciplinary approaches to understand manage changes and interactions between social and ecological systems, including conflict prevention and management of biodiversity. • They provides local solutions to global challenges. 6

Biosphere reserves: Three zones, three functions They consist of three interrelated zones that aim to fulfil three complementary and mutually reinforcing functions: - The core area comprises a strictly protected zone that contributes to the conservation of ecosystems, species and genetic variation. - The buffer zone surrounds the core area. Is used for activities compatible with sound ecological practices that can reinforce scientific research, monitoring, training and education. - The transition area is where communities foster socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable economic and human activities. 7

Today WNBR : 669 sites in 120 countries

The World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE PROGRAMME • 669 Biosphere Reserves • In 120 countries • 16 transboundary (Africa: 2, Europe & NA: 12, LAC: 1) • Including 1 transcontinental between Europe (Spain) and Arab States (Morocco) Africa LAC 125 BR in 21 countries Asia and the Pacific Europe and North America 142 BR in 24 countries 302 BR in 36 countries • Cover all main ecosystem of the world. • Home to over 200 million people. 70 BR in Arab States 28 countries 30 BR in 11 countries 9

New MAB Strategy 2015 -2025 • Supports Member States to conserve biodiversity, enhance ecosystem services and foster the sustainable use of natural resources. • Facilitate sustainability science, education for sustainable development and capacity building. • Support mitigation and adaptation to climate change and other aspects of global environmental change. 10

UNESCO Global Geoparks Single, unified geographical areas where sites of international geological significance are managed with a holistic concept of protection, education and sustainable development. A Geopark uses its geological heritage, in connection with all other aspects of the area’s natural and cultural heritage, to enhance awareness 11 and understanding of key issues facing society, mitigating the effects of climate change and reducing the impact of natural disasters.

UNESCO Global Geoparks • In 2004, 17 European and 8 Chinese geoparks came together at UNESCO headquarters in Paris to form the Global Geoparks Network. • During the 38 th session of UNESCO’s GC in 2015, Member States of UNESCO ratified the creation of a new label, the UNESCO Global Geoparks. • The Network includes nowadays 120 sites in 33 counties. 12

Biosphere Reserves and Global Geoparks contributing to SDGs 13

Biosphere Reserves and Global Geoparks contributing to SDGs • BRs conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable development to benefits local people • BRs and Geoparks promote green/sustainable/social economy initiatives • BRs and GPs establish partnerships with educational and training institutions, especially UNESCO Chairs, Centres and Associated schools, to undertake education, training and capacity building activities • They identify and disseminate good practices for sustainable development 14

Biosphere Reserves and Global Geoparks contributing to SDGs • Observatories for climate change research, monitoring, mitigation and adaptation, including in support of the UNFCCC COP 21 Paris Agreement • Identify, and disseminate good practices • BRs undertake research and ensure the long-term conservation of the socio-ecological systems • BRs work on restoration and appropriate management of degraded ecosystems • BRs and GPs identify, and disseminate good practices for sustainable development, and identify and eliminate unsustainable practices • BRs implement programmes to preserve and promote species and varieties of economic and/or cultural value 15

Biosphere Reserves and Global Geoparks contributing to SDGs • They establish alliances at local, regional, international levels for biodiversity and geology conservation • They create and implement twinning arrangements between diverse sites in different countries • Designate and implement transboundary BRs (TBRs) • They establish an international network of scientists/knowledge holders working in and with BRs and Geoparks, that engages with national and other international networks of scientists/knowledge holders • BRs and GPs create opportunities for projects and activities funded by national and regional funding agencies • They encourage joint promotion and marketing of BRs and GPs products and services 16

Biosphere Reserves and Global Geoparks are key for sustainable development! Thank you 17