BioPsychoSocial Factors Influencing Health And Diseases Factors Influencing

Bio-Psycho-Social Factors Influencing Health And Diseases Factors Influencing Health and Diseases; Physiological, Social, Psychological , Economical, and Environmental

Social Determinants/Factors Of Health • The social determinants of health include socioeconomic circumstances, social structure and function, and cultural factors. Social determinants refer to broad patterns and not to individual details. According to WHO, there are ten social determinants of health that are supported by strong research evidence: 1. The social gradient people’s relative social and economic status and circumstances strongly affect their health throughout life 2. Stress harms health 3. Early life the effects of early development last a lifetime 4. Social exclusion creates misery and costs lives 5. Work stress in the workplace increases the risk of disease 6. Unemployment job security increases health, wellbeing, and job satisfaction 7. Social support friendship, good social relations, and strong supportive networks improve health at home, at work, and in the community 8. Addiction individuals turn to alcohol, drugs and tobacco and suffer from their use 9. Healthful food 10. Healthful transport means reducing driving and encouraging more walking and cycling

Biological Factors • It is useful to distinguish between the health of individuals and populations. • The factors of health for an individual relate highly to the unique characteristics of that individual. • These characteristics are highly determined by biology-the gender, age and genetic background of the individual. • These characteristics play a primary determining role and are usually not modifiable. • For example, it is obvious that a man cannot die from ovarian cancer, generally only older person will suffer from Alzheimer’s disease.

Physiological Factors • A disease is an abnormal condition that affects the body of an organism. • It is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. • It may be caused by factors originally from an external source, such as infectious disease or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. • In humans, disease is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress or death to a person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. • In this broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections and deviant behaviors. • Some diseases, such as cancer, heart disease and mental disorders, are non-infectious diseases. • Many non-infectious diseases have partly or completely genetic basis and may thus be transmitted from one generation to another.

Psychological Factors • Psychological Factors cab be influenced by biology (e. g. people’s innate temperament, or their biologically-based personality characteristics, can influence people to be more or less likely to act in ways characteristic of depression), and by social factors such as what coping behaviors are modeled for people (e. g. by parents and teachers) as they are growing up. • People can also become depressed as a result of social factors such as: experiencing traumatic situations, early separation, lack of social support, or harassment (bullying). • Research has shown that stressful social events are capable of serving as triggers for turning genes on and off, causing changes in brain functioning. • Via this path, a social stressor can trigger a physical cause of depression.

Environmental Factors • When psychologists use the word environment they mean all the things that are happening around us. • Used in this way, environment refers our life experiences, particularly social interactions with other people, especially care givers, family members etc. • The other factors which include in environmental hazards which adversely affects the health of individuals are global warming, famine, war, air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. • An environmental determinant of health is, in general, any external agent biological, chemical, physical, social, or cultural that can be causally linked to change in health status.