BIOPHYSICS By Dr Abdel Aziz M Hussein Assistant

BIOPHYSICS By Dr. Abdel Aziz M. Hussein Assistant Prof. of Medical Physiology

Revision

• Physiology total marks = 250 marks 1. Midyear MCQ exam = 45 marks + 5 marks (case) 2. Logbook = 5 marks 3. Case exam = 5 marks 4. Practical = 15 marks 5. Sheet and MCQ exam = 30 marks 6. Oral exam = 20 marks 7. Final year exam = 125 marks (85 written + 40 MCQ)

Short Essay Questions

Define 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. (one march for each) Osmole and mole Homeostasis Negative feedback mechanism Gap junctions Tight junctions Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport Vesicular transport Voltage gated ion channels Ligand gated ion channels 12. Pinocytosis 13. Phagocytosis 14. Pinocytosis 15. Phagocytosis 16. Osmosis 17. Tonicity 18. Osmotic pressure 19. Donnan equilibrium

Enumerate 1. Functions of general functions 8. Physiological importance of of water osmosis 2. Types of feedback mechanisms 9. Effects of Donnan equilibrium 3. Routes of water input 10. Types of endocytosis , give example for each type 4. Routes of Water output 11. Characters of simple diffusion, 5. General functions of cell facilitated diffusion, active membrane transport 6. Type and functions of cell 12. Types of active transport, give membrane proteins example for each type 7. Types of intercellular 13. Inhibitors or activators of Naconnections of physiological K pump importance

Compare between 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Simple, facilitated diffusion and active transport Tight junction and gap junctions Endocytosis and exocytosis Ligand gated and voltage gated ion channels Primary and secondary active transport

Mention the effect and explain its mechanism of 1. Inhibition of Na-K pump on distribution of ions inside and outside cells. 2. Occurrence of Donnan equilibrium at the level of the cell 3. Exposure of the cell to hypotonic or hypertonic solutions 4. Inhibition of Na-K pump on; • 2 ry active transport of Glucose • Transport of glucose by facilitated diffusion • Osmotic equilibrium between ICF and ECF 5. Donnan equilibrium on osmotic pressure of plasma proteins into capillaries 6. Donnan equilibrium on Na and Cl concentration in glomerular filtrate at glomerular capillaries

Mention Physiological importance of 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Osmosis Donnan equilibrium Ligand gated ion channels Voltage gated ion channels Na – K pump Gap junctions Tight junctions Glycocalyx Receptor mediated endocytosis

The cotransport of glucose (secondary active transport) derives energy from 1. A Na concentration gradient. 2. The glucose being transported. 3. The membrane voltage. 4. Body heat.

Matter can leave a cell by any of the following means except 1. Active transport. 2. Endocytosis. 3. Simple diffusion. 4. Exocytosis.

• If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution 1. the cell will swell 2. the cell will shrink 3. the concentration of water outside the cell is initially higher than the concentration inside the cell 4. the concentration of non-penetrating solute inside the cell will decrease

Regarding the sodium, potassium pump 1. energy from ATP is directly used to move the sodium and potassium 2. sodium can be moved either into or out of the cell 3. more sodium ions are pumped into the cell than potassium ions are pumped out 4. A and B. 5. A and C.

THANKS