BioNanotechnology BME 4215 Dr Md Sherajul Islam Professor

Bio-Nanotechnology BME 4215 Dr. Md. Sherajul Islam Professor Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna, Bangladesh

LECTURE - 2 Basic Concepts on Nanotechnology

What is nanomaterial? • Is defined as any material that has unique or novel properties, due to the nanoscale ( nano meter- scale) structuring. • These are formed by incorporation or structuring of nanoparticles. • They are subdivided into nanocrystals, nanopowders, and nanotubes: A sequence of nanoscale of C 60 atoms arranged in a long thin cylindrical structure.

What is nanomaterial? carbon nanotubes

What is nanomaterial? Noble metal nanocrystals with cyclic pentatwinned structures

What is nanomaterial? Naonpowder

Types of nanomaterials • • Nanomaterials can… • occur naturally • be produced by human activity either as a product of another activity • on purpose (engineered) Our focus: engineered nanomaterials as these are designed and integrated into products because of the specific characteristics of the nanomaterial

Classes of nanomaterials

Nano. Zn. O – One Chemistry, Many Shapes Courtesy of Prof. Z. L. Wang, Georgia Tech

Why are nanomaterials used? • At nano-scale, • the material properties change - melting point, fluorescence, electrical conductivity, and chemical reactivity • • • Surface size is larger so a greater amount of the material comes into contact with surrounding materials and increases reactivity Nanomaterial properties can be ‘tuned’ by varying the size of the particle (e. g. changing the fluorescence colour so a particle can be identified) Their complexity offers a variety of functions to products

Examples of nanomaterials in products Examples: – Amorphous silica fume (nano‐silica) in Ultra High Performance Concrete – this silica is normally thought to have the same human risk factors as non‐nano non‐toxic silica dust – Nano platinum or palladium in vehicle catalytic converters ‐ higher surface area to volume of particle gives increased reactivity and therefore increased efficiency – Crystalline silica fume is used as an additive in paints or coatings, giving e. g. self‐cleaning characteristics – it has a needle‐like structure and sharp edges so is very toxic and is known to cause silicosis upon occupational exposure

Nanotechnology spans many Areas Information Technology Biotechnology Mechanical Engineering Eng. & / Robotics Transportation Advance Materials & Textiles NANOTECHNOLOGY Energy & Environment Aerospace Medicine / Health National Security & Defense Food and Agriculture

Applications of Nanotechnology: General Applications Application Examples Medicine Diagnostics, Drug delivery, Tissue engineering, Cryonics Information and communication Memory storage, Novel semiconductor devices, Novel optoelectronic devices, Displays, Quantum computers Heavy Industry Aerospace, Catalysis, Construction Vehicle manufacturers Consumer goods Foods, Household, Optics, Textiles, Cosmetics, Sports Environment

Environmental Applications Check http: //www. nanowerk. com/products/product. php? id=160 for more details Application Examples Carbon capture Photocatalyst consisting of silica Nanosprings coated with a combination of titanium dioxide Sensors Pollutants sensors that able to detect lower limits with low cost Remediation (decontamination, oil spill management) Heavy metal decontaminant removes heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper, manganese and cobalt in a neutral p. H environment without using any form of sulphur. Wastewater treatment Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies' ceramic membrane modules, utilizing the Cera. Mem technology platform, can be supplied with a variety of inorganic microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes. Energy Heat distribution e. g. ceramic-like materials that provide sufficient reliability and durability of the entire structure Drinking water purification