BIOMOLECULES The digestive process is occurring In order

BIOMOLECULES The digestive process is occurring. In order for organisms to live and function they require energy. Eating and digesting food provides the body with chemical energy in the form of ATP. ALL LIVING ORGANISM CONTAIN THE ELEMENT CARBON!!

Biomolecules You are what you eat!

CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates n Pasta n Bread n Sweets n Potatoes n Corn

Carbohydrates aka… Sugar Carbs Starch

How does our body break down this bread?

Breaks down into microscopic molecules Loaf of bread Monosaccharide Bread crumbs Polysaccharide Disaccharide

Structure Monomer: Glucose (monosaccharide) Sugar One Monosaccharide

Structure Two Sugar Di saccharide

Structure Many Sugar Polysaccharide

Function n Provide QUICK energy to the body!

LIPIDS

Breaks down into microscopic molecules Fats, oils, waxes, steroids

LOOK FOR THE “E” Monomer: 3 fatty acids + glycerol

Function n Made mainly of carbon and hydrogen (few oxygen) n Fat best method of long-term energy storage. n forms cell membranes n Insulation (layers of fat to help the body stay warm. Example: Whale’s Blubber)

Challenge: Describe what you see (at least 3 sentences) This is an amino acid. It is the monomer for a protein. It contains C, H, O and N. It has 3 groups: an amino group, an R-group, and a carboxyl group. The R-group is considered a variant group because it

Proteins aka…. Whey Protein Meat Polypeptide Peanut butter

Breaks down into microscopic molecules Polypeptide Meat Amino Acid Monomer: amino acid Polymer: polypeptide

Monomer: Amino Acids • Contains C, H, O, N • 20 types • Has both hydrophobic & hydrophylic ends • Differ in R-group • R-group can be acidic, basic or neutral • Makes polypeptide then makes proteins

Polymer: Polypeptide (peptide means bond) • Formed by dehydration synthesis • Sequence determined by DNA • 3 -D and folds to take up less space

Function of Proteins n Provides us with building blocks for life! n Also regulate most functions in a cell. n Glycoproteins (antigens) n Combines w/DNA to form chromosomes n Turns genes on and off n Antibodies (fights disease)

Function of Proteins n Provides structure & strength for the body n Transports out cells molecules in & n Hemoglobin O 2) (transports n Enzymes (speeds up reactions)- has –ase suffix n Acts as hormones (insulin) - many proteins have suffix of -in

Bellringer: Describe in detail what you see in the diagram. (minimum 3 sentences) This is a picture of ATP is one type of polymer of a nucleic acid. It is made of adenine, sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.

Nucleic Acids n Contains C, H, O, N, P n Monomer: NUCLEOTIDES n Nucleotides consist of 3 parts: 1. 5 -Carbon Sugar 2. Phosphate Group 3. Nitrogenous Base

Nucleotide: Nitrogen Bases In DNA: C-G A-T In RNA: C-G A-U n 5 types n Cytosine n Guanine n Adenine n Thymine (in DNA only) n Uracil (in RNA only) n Purines or pyrimidines

Nucleotides: 5 -carbon sugar and phosphate group deoxyribose n 2 types of sugars n Ribose (in RNA only) n Deoxyribose (in DNA only) n Phosphate group n Contains phosphorus & oxygen ribose n Polymer: polynucleotide

Function Polypeptide: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) n contains the genetic code n stores & transmit heredity/genetic information n found in the nucleus (mitochondria) n Double helix) stranded (double

Function Polypeptide: RNA (ribonucleic acid) n Carries info from DNA to cell n Helps in protein synthesis n found in ribosomes & nucleoli n Single stranded

Polypeptide: ATP n Contains adenine, ribose sugar, 3 phosphates n Stores and releases energy

Concept Map Section 2 -3 Carbon Compounds include that consist of which contain

Concept Map Section 2 -3 Carbon Compounds include Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins that consist of Sugars and starches Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids which contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,

Which biomolecule has the most energy!?

C-H bonds n Count the number of C-H bonds in your monosaccharide picture. n Count the number of C-H bonds in your saturated or unsaturated bond picture n Which biomolecule (carbs or fats) have more C-H bonds?

The number of C-H bonds = the amount of energy n. The more C-H bonds a biomolecule has, the more energy it has! n. Fats have the most energy because they have the most CH bonds!

Video clips: n Burning Marshmallow n Oil lamp n Cooking Oil Car

CHALLENGE! n Which popular plant process forms glucose? Photosynthesis n Which elements form a glucose molecule? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen C 6 H 12 O 6 n What is the molecular formula for glucose? n Create a polymer using dehydration synthesis process.