Biomolecules Macromolecules giant molecules n Many molecules in

Biomolecules Macromolecules “giant molecules” n Many molecules in living cells are so large n Formed by polymerization- large compounds built by joining smaller ones together n Smaller units, monomers, join to form these large compounds called polymers n 4 groups of organic compounds in living things are: lipids carbohydrates protein nucleic acids Lets Call the Police Now!!! Monomer (one piece) Polymerization (putting a puzzle together) Polymer (many pieces together)

Lipids are mostly C and H atoms, but can contain O also n Are not soluble in water n Common lipids are fats, oils, and waxes n Some are steroids, others are used for energy storage, biological membranes, waterproof coverings, insulation, protective coverings, lubrication n Many lipids are formed when a glycerol combines with a fatty acid n Saturated fats- solids, unhealthy, bad fats (butter, lard) n Unsaturated/polyunsaturated- liquid, good fats (olive, peanut, canola oils)

Lipids as food / Lipids in our bodies

Carbohydrates: C, H, O n Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in 1: 2: 1 ratio n Living things use carbs as main source of n n energy. Breakdown of sugar to glucose provides immediate energy; can also provide structural support in plant cell walls Store extra sugars as starches Monosaccharide (simple carbs): single sugars; glucose, galactose, fructose Polysaccharides (complex carbs): large molecules; pasta, cereal, rice; glycogen in animals, cellulose in plants

Proteins are macromolecules containing C, H, O, N Amino acids and protein mean the same thing Proteins control rate of reactions and muscle contractions, regulate cell processes, transport oxygen Some form bones and muscles They can be a part of our hair fingernails, skin, cartilage, ligaments Others transport substances into/out of cells Some proteins fight diseases (antibodies)

Examples of where we get our proteins from

They can also be enzymes, such as amylase found in saliva, and pepsin in our stomach to aid in digestion by breaking down certain substances

Nucleic acids are macromolecules containing C, H, O, N, P § Are polymers assembled from individual monomers called nucleotides: 5 -C sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base § Store & transmit genetic information § The two types are: ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)