Biomolecules Carbohydrates Made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The ratio is 1 carbon: 2 hydrogens: 1 oxygen Used for energy Three main kinds Monosaccharide's Disaccharides Polysaccharides

Monosaccharides Simple carbohydrates (simple Sugars) Examples C 3 H 8 O 3 is Glycerol Source of energy Maintain cell membrane structure C 6 H 12 O 6 is Used glucose for energy Organisms acquire glucose from eating

Disaccharides Two monosaccharide's combined into one Examples Sucrose (table sugar) Lactose (milk sugar) Maltose (malt or beer sugar) Sugars end in –ose Used for energy

Polysaccharides Thousands or hundreds of thousands of simple sugars combined Example Cellulose: found in plants most abundant in the world and give plants their rigid structure cows, horses, and other animals can digest it and get energy but humans cannot. Starch: stores energy in plants

Lipids Are a polar head (carboxyl group) that is hydrophilic and a fatty acid tail that is hydrophobic. Commonly known as oils and fats Provide stored fuel and energy Building blocks for cellular membranes Polar head with two fatty acid tails Cell Membrane Phospholipid

Lipids Fatty acids composed largely of a chain of carbon bonded with hydrogen atoms carboxyl group (-COOH) Examples Saturated Fats: contains all single bonds Unsaturated Fats: contains at least one double bond.

Amino Acids Create Proteins 20 amino acids All amino acids have the same structure accept for the r group that is different for every amino acid.

Dipeptides and Polypeptides Dipeptides two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond or one amino acid with two peptide bonds. Polypeptides chains of amino acids Proteins are made of one or more polypeptides

Proteins Large biomolecules or macromolecules consisting of one ore more long chains of amino acids. Do most of the work in the cell and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs

Nucleic Acid Biopolmers, or large biomolecues, essantial for all known forms of life DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides DNA is used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms