Biomes a Dr Production IV Terrestrial Biomes life

Biomes a Dr. Production

IV. Terrestrial Biomes (life zones) • A. Def. - geographical areas distinguished by particular dominant flora • B. Characteristics 1. Not a place, but a class of plants 2. Determined by climate 3. Boundaries are indistinct 4. Convergent evolution common between similar biomes • Plant Adaptations Brain Pop Land Biomes (dekalbcs dekalb)

Adaptations for Tundra Life Flora Fauna • Rapid life cycle • Short root systems • Ground hugging (short) • Dark in color • Migration • Camouflaged winter & summer coats • Compact bodies • Thick insulating hair, feathers and fat (blubber)

Adaptations for CF Life Flora Fauna • Waxy cuticles • Needlelike leaves • Triangular/conical shaped trees • Evergreen • Dark foliage • Migration • Hibernation • Thick fur

Adaptations for DF Life Flora Fauna • Deciduous leaves • Dormant seasons • Humus • Stratification (Canopy, • Give birth in the spring • Store & hide food • Underground dormancy understory, shrub layer, leaf litter) • Large and flat leaves to absorb summer sun

Adaptations for RF Life Flora Fauna • Drip tips • Buttressed bases • Epiphytes • Aerial roots • Stratification (Emergent, • Largest ectotherms • Cryptic coloration • Brightly colored • Vocalization • Most diverse canopy, Understory) • Rapid growing • Roots resist rotting • Large leaves for limited sunlight

Adaptations for Grassland Life Flora Fauna • Sod • Fibrous interconnected root systems • Grow from bottom up • Underground fireresistant roots • Narrow leaves • Travel & hide in herds • Hunt in packs • Migration • Burrowing • Fastest • Brown for camouflage

Adaptations to Biomes Adaptations for Desert Life, Flora • Tap roots • Shallow root systems • Cuticles • Succulents (Store water in Fauna • Migration • Aestivation • Large ears • Burrowing stems/leaves) • Nocturnal • Spines • Store energy in fat • Narrow leaves deposits • Protecting leaves (thorns) • Excrete (solid) uric acid N waste

V. Marine & Aquatic Biomes • Primary ecological subdivisions of organisms 1. Plankton - at mercy of currents, weak or nonswimmers (small or microscopic) a. Phytoplankton - primary producers, (cyanobacteria or diatoms) b. Zooplankton - protists and small animals (larval stages) 2. Benthos - bottom dwellers (sessile, walking, or burrowing) 3. Nekton - larger, strong swimmers (top of the food chains)

B. Freshwater 1. Zones a. in life b. life c. light, Littoral zone - near shoreline, richest Limnetic zone - open water, sparse Profundal zone - deep. anaerobic, no detritovores, mineral rich

2. Lake stratification and seasonal turnover

3. Types of lakes a. Oligotrophic - nutrient-poor, deep, sandy or rocky bottom, clear b. Eutrophic - nutrient-rich, phytoplankton very productive, shallow, murky Oligotrophic lake Eutrophication (lake aging) Eutrophic lake

Adaptations for Aquatic Life Flora Fauna § Don’t have stem support (soft stems). § Stomata are evenly distributed. § No cuticles. § Air bladders § Gills for removing oxygen from the water, or skin as respiratory surface. § Good swimmers

C. Marine life zones 1. Estuaries and salt marshes - where rivers (freshwater) meets saltwater of ocean - most fertile water in the world, breeding grounds for many fish, nutrients from rivers meets constant mixing of tides (plants)

2. Intertidal zone - between high and low tides, rich in life forms (barnacles, clams, crabs), tidal pools 3. Subtidal zone - sea stars, sea urchins, worms, crabs, flounder 4. Neritic zone - over continental shelf (nekton and most benthic organisms are here (food is here) [photosynthetic limit - 200 meters] 5. Pelagic zone – includes neritic and open ocean 6. Benthic zone - deep waters, mostly predators

= Neritic zone • (Neritic zone)

Pelagic Zone

Coral Reefs of the World

Adaptations for Coral Reef Life Flora Fauna • Symbiosis • Zooxanthellae • Symbiosis • Nursery for many marine organisms

Abyssal Zones 1. The mid-ocean ridge system with well known deep-water hydrothermal vent (ellipses) and cold seep (oblongs) regions. Vents: 1, Mid-Atlantic Ridge; 2, East Pacific Rise; 3, Galapagos Rift; 4, NE Pacific; 5 and 6, W Pacific back-arc spreading centres; 7, Central Indian Ridge. Cold seeps: 1, Gulf of Mexico; 2, NW Africa; 3, Laurentian Fan; 4, Barbados accretionary prism; 5, Monterey Bay; 6, Oregon subduction zone; 7, Sagami bay.

Geothermal Vents, 2

Adaptations for Abyssal Life Flora Fauna Symbiotic and chemosynthetic bacteria Bioluminescent bodies No air spaces Small bodies Pressure sensitive organs

Biomes Resources • • • Biome Interactive Movie Biomes of the World Videos Planet Earth: Ice Worlds: Oasis of Rock Essential & Endangered: Coral Reef Biomes Plant Adaptations