Biology Unit 2 Study Guide Answers Questions 1

Biology Unit 2 Study Guide Answers

Questions 1 -12 • You are not responsible for this information.

13 • Monomers link together to make polymers.

14 • • Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

15 • Provide energy (mono, di, and poly) • Store energy for a short time (poly) • Form structures (poly)

16 • Mono-, Di-, and Poly- are the prefxes denoting how many sugar monomers are present. • The number of sugars can give an indication of the amount of energy stored within the molecule.

17 • monosaccharide

18 • Monosaccharide = glucose & fructose • Disaccharides = sucrose and lactose • Polysaccharides = starch, glycogen, cellulose and chitin

19 • Cellulose and chitin are both structural polysaccharides. • Chitin forms cell walls in fungi and exoskeletons in some animals. • Cellulose forms cell walls in plants.

20 • Both starch and glycogen store sugar. • Starch is the sugar storage form in plants. • Glycogen is the sugar storage form in animals.

21 • Starches are found in plants – Potatoes – Beans – Plantains – Corn – Actually, all green vegetables are capable of making starch.

22 • Glycogen is found in the muscles and livers of mammals.

23 • • Waterproofing membranes Chemical messengers Form cell membranes Store Energy

24 • Fats, oils, waxes, steroids

25 • Saturated fats: – – Animal fats Full of hydrogens Solids at room temp Relatively unhealthy • Unsaturated fats: – – Plant oils Have fewer hydrogens Are liquids at room temperature Healthy

26 • The monomer of a protein = amino acid. • The polymer of a protein = polypeptide

27 • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. • Proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers. • Amino Acids link together (via peptide bonds) to form large structures called proteins (AKA: polypeptides). • This small part linking together to form a large structure is analogous to links coming together to form a chain.

28 • Build muscle and bone • Serve as enzymes • Fight infections (are called antibodies when doing this) • Serve as doorways into the cell. • Serve as regulators of cell activities.

30 • DNA • RNA

31 • Nucleotides

32 • 5 carbon sugar • Phosphate • Nitrogen base

33 • DNA has deoxyribose sugar in it. • RNA has ribose sugar in it.

34 • Enzymes

35 • Anything that speeds up a chemical reaction

36 • They lower the activation energy for the reaction. – They do not provide energy to the reaction…they just make the amount of energy needed to start the reaction be less.

37 • The amount of energy needed to start a reaction.

38 • Substrates are changed during enzymatic reactions. • Enzymes remain unchanged by the reaction and can be used again.

39 • Each enzyme has a special shape that directly matches its target substrate. • This is analogous to how each lock has a particular shaped key that opens it. – Wrong shaped key = no opened lock.

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