Biology The characteristics of life 1 Living things

生物學 Biology

生命的特徵 The characteristics of life 1. 生命是架構化的 Living things are organized

2. 生物需要物質與能量 Living things acquire materials and energy

3. 生物是有感應的 Living things respond to stimuli

4. 生物是會生殖及發育 Living things reproduce and develop 無性生殖 & 有性生殖

Random binary fission Longitudinal binary fission Transverse binary fission

5. 生物會演化適應 Living things have evolution and adaptations

Natural selection

Trematomus bernacchii is well-adapted to the extremely low and stable temperatures of seawater where has a nearly constant mean annual temperature of -1. 86℃.

T. bernacchii and some other cold-adapted Antarctic fish die of heat at approximately 6℃. This freezing resistance is accomplished with special antifreeze glycopeptides in its body fluids, that bind to emerging ice crystals and prevent their growth; these antifreeze compounds are being commercially marketed for product development

Unity 一致性 Biodiversity 生物多樣性

生物的分類 Taxonomy 林奈氏的二名法 : 屬名 + 種名 Angiostrongylus cantonensis Paragonimus westermani

Figure 19. 33

Figure 19. 34 g

Figure 19. 34 c

Figure 19. 34 e

Figure 19. 34 b

Figure 19. 34 d

Figure 19. 34 a

The Scientific Method

2. Mimicry Can colors protect a snake? Warning coloration

– Biologists developed a hypothesis regarding mimicry in snakes. They tested the hypothesis by making artificial snakes and observing how often they were attacked by predators. 利用數百隻假蛇，等量兩種蛇，放置多處 4周。

不以結網捕捉食物 Markings and behavior

30 fly spider pairs

20 separate trials Both the wing markings and the wing-waving behavior contribute to the survival of mimics.