Biology Study Guide Questions 41 60 41 Darwin

Biology Study Guide Questions 41 -60

41. Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to • surviving in the environments in which they lived.

42. Biologists in Darwin’s time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. How did Darwin contribute to these ideas? • He figured out and explained how these changes happened and supported his ideas with evidence.

43. In an experiment, suppose that the wings of fruit flies were clipped short for fifty generations. The fifty-first generation emerged with normal-length wings. This observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on • inheritance of acquired characteristics.

44. The idea that events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by • Thomas Malthus.

45. When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of • artificial selection.

46. Which statement is part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? • More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.

47. The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. This is evidence in support of which of the following concepts? • common descent

48. Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes • the nearly universal genetic code.

49. The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population’s • gene pool.

50. In organisms that reproduce sexually, most variation that can be inherited is due to • gene recombination during sexual reproduction.

51. Figure 17– 3 shows smaller and larger beaks in a population of finches. One group of birds has a short, parrotlike beak and another group has a long, narrow beak. What process has probably occurred? • Disruptive selection Figure 17– 3

52. One of the conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium is • no immigration or emigration.

53. What factor would most likely disrupt genetic equilibrium in a large population? • mating that is not random

54. The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called • geographic isolation.

55. Which is the first step that occurred in the speciation of the Galápagos finches? • founders arrived

56. Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily • visible similarities and differences.

57. In an evolutionary classification scheme, species within one genus should • be more closely related to one another than they are to species in other genera.

58. Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom called • Monera.

59. Fossils usually provide paleontologists with information about each of the following EXCEPT an organism’s • DNA.

60. Fossilized evidence of Earth’s first forms of life would consist of • prokaryotes from the Precambrian.