Biology STAAR review Session 1 Cell Structure Function

Biology STAAR review Session 1 Cell Structure & Function

Housekeeping… • WELCOME!!!! • NO EATING OR DRINKING ALLOWED IN THE AUDITORIUM • Put away your phones and any other distractions • Have handy a pen & a highlighter

Characteristics of Life • Made of Cells • Reproduce • Grow and Develop • Respond to the environment • Obtain and use energy

Levels of Biological Classification • Atoms • Biomolecules

The Cell…Basic Unit of Life –Prokaryotic (NO – Nucleus) –Eukaryotic (True – Nucleus)

Sort the following terms into your prokaryotic vs eukaryotic Venn diagram • Simple Complex Have DNA • Have cytoplasm Nucleus • NO organelles Organelles Have ribosomes NO nucleus Cell membrane

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

Circle the THREE structures found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells

Virus Structure

co s ? e s ? ? u r g i vin v e i r l A red e d i s n

▪ Lytic Pathway – rapid replication of the virus, ending in cell lysis (or death). More viruses are released to infect other cells – ex. Influenza ▪ Lysogenic pathway The virus stays dormant until certain conditions triggers cause it to enter the lytic cycle – ex. HIV

• Are viruses considered living? ? ? NO!!! They DO NOT meet ALL the characteristics of life!!

Preventing diseases • Vaccine - a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. – typically made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe. • Antibiotics are used to kill bacteria and fungi NOT viruses!!!

Cell Specialization • ALL cells in human body have the EXACT SAME DNA • Why do they look and function differently? • Parts of the DNA within the cell are “turned on” and specialized to perform specific function

STAAR Practice Questions

Question 1 The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to: a. move inside a host cell. b. attach to a host cell. c. control a host cell’s DNA. d. signal other viruses to infect a host cell.

Question 7 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus. Symptoms including a high fever, headaches, and body aches typically occur two to seven days after infection by the virus. SARS is more serious in elderly patients. This information suggests that the reproductive cycle of the SARS virus is — a. lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus b. lytic, because the virus causes respiratory illness c. lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people d. lytic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection

Question 3 Which characteristic is shared by all four cells? a. A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy b. Self-locomotion c. Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances d. Genetic material composed of DNA

Question 1 4 Which group of organelles is directly responsible for the production of new molecules like lipids and proteins within a cell? A. Ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatuses B. Golgi apparatuses, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane C. The endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, and vacuoles D. The nucleolus, vacuoles, and ribosomes

Question 5 t u o b Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These a s n o d polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. e. Which i t r s e e statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of u w s q n r proteins and polysaccharides? a e h e t b o A. Only polysaccharides are comprised of repeating units of l l i y ! n ands thymine. w ! cytosine, guanine, a ! m e w l o u &proteinsleare r B. i. Only formed from amino acids joined by c r s o h o peptide bonds. m T o m t o C. Only bi polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes. D. Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits.