Biology STAAR Review Cell A Cell B Identify

Biology STAAR Review

Cell A Cell B Identify the Prokaryote & the Eukaryote cell. What are 2 main differences between them? Eukaryotes: 1) have true nucleus 2) are more complex – have membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryote Both Eukaryote No nucleus Cytoplasm Nucleus Capsule DNA Organelles Bacteria Pili Smaller Ribosomes Cell Membrane Complex Plants Animals Multicellular

Cell A Identify plant & animal cell. 1. Cell wall – rigid shape 2. Chloroplast 3. Large Central Vacuole Cell B List 3 things only plant cells have:

Cell Parts la top Cy Centriole Vacuole Mitochondria sm Lysosome Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome Vesicle Rough ER Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth ER Plasma (Cell) Membrane

Plants only Central Vacuole Cell Wall Chloroplast

Organelles - function • Use document camera ORGANELLE Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplast Ribosomes Rough E. R. Lysosome Vacuole Cytoplasm FUNCTION Plant, animal Prokar Eukar cell, or both yote

Viruses • Have genetic material: DNA or RNA • Have weird shapes • Cause illness/disease • ? Cold, flu, measles, polio, AIDS, rabies, Ebola, West Nile • Can we use antibiotics to cure? No • What medical intervention is used against viruses? Vaccines • Not considered living cells. • Why? Can’t reproduce without host cell

Viral Reproduction • Lytic • Short time • Replicates • Then ruptures host cell • Ex. Flu

Viral Reproduction • Lysogenic • Long term • Insert DNA/RNA in host • Go dormant • Can enter lytic cycle years later • Ex. Cold sores

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Prokaryote Bacteria No nucleus capsule

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Eukaryote Plant Nucleus Organelles, other than ribosomes

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Virus Weird shape

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Prokaryote Bacteria No Nucleus No membrane bound organelles Simple

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Eukaryote Nucleus Complex Organelles

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Virus Weird shape

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Eukaryote Nucleus Complex Organelles

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Prokaryote Bacteria No Nucleus No membrane bound organelles Simple

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Virus Weird shape

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Eukaryote Plant Nucleus Organelles, other than ribosomes

Biomolecules Carbohydrates: C, H, O - 1: 2: 1 ratio Short term energy C 6 H 12 O 6 C 3 H 6 O 3

Biomolecules Lipids (Fats): C, H, O Head with tail Long term energy Cell membrane

Biomolecules Proteins C, H, O, N Chains of amino acids Critical for cell function Structure Enzymes Hormones

Biomolecules Nucleic Acids C, H, O, N, P Strands of nucleotides: phosphate-sugar-base Store & transmit genetic info DNA & RNA

Which biomolecule is this? How do you know? Protein N present

Which biomolecule is this? How do you know? Carbohydrate Ring shape Only C, H, O in 1: 2: 1 ratio C-6, H-12, O-6

Which biomolecule is this? How do you know? Protein N present

Which biomolecule is this? How do you know? Nucleic acid P present Nucleotide: Nitrogen base Phosphate Sugar = Ribose Which one? RNA

Which biomolecule is this? How do you know? Lipid or Fat Head & tail

Homeostasis • Homo = same • Stasis = stay • Homeostasis = stay the same Means _balance__ needed for life • How is Homostasis maintained? _transport_ molecules across __cell__ membrane

Passive Transport – Energy __not needed__ • Diffusion • Movement of particles to equalize (balance) concentration

Passive Transport – Energy __not needed__ • Osmosis • Movement of _water_ to equalize (balance) concentration

Active Transport – Energy __ needed__ • Movement of particles against_ the concentration gradient • Hypertonic = high concentration, Hypotonic = _low_ conc, Isotonic = equal concentration • Naturally move from area with _high_ concentration to area with _low_ concentration

No energy required Energy required

_osmosis_ - water movement Equal Low Hi Hi Low Water follows salt Water is going to move in direction to equalize or balance

hyper _____tonic Passive Transport: Movement Direction • • No energy needed Happens naturally Osmosis Diffusion hypo _____tonic Active Transport: Movement Direction • Energy needed • Move against natural tendency to spread out • Pump • Make more concentrated

• What does homeostasis mean? • Stay the same • Why is this important for the cell • Maintain balance needed to live