Biology Review Benchmark Test 23 Standards 2 D

Biology Review Benchmark Test #2/3 Standards 2 D. 2, 2 D. 3, 3 A. 1, 3 A. 2, 4 A. 1, 4 A. 2, 4 B. 1, 4 C. 1 • Cell Cycle • • • ATP/ADP Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration DNA/Genes/Chromosomes Mitosis Protein Synthesis Meiosis 3 A. 4,

Cell Division Cell Cycle

Practice: Cell Cycle G 2 Mitosis Telophase Cytokinesis CELL CYCLE S Prophase Interphase Anaphase G 1 Metaphase

Cell Cycle Aster Fibers Centrioles Chromosome Centromere

Practice: Match Stages of the Cell Cycle • Interphase ___ a) cytoplasm divides 2 cells • Prophase ___ b) chromosomes pulled apart • Metaphase ___ • Anaphase ___ c) growing, copying DNA d) Chromosomes relax, spindle breaks down, nucleus forms • Telophase ___ e) chromosome visible, spindle forms, nucleus breaks down • Cytokinesis ___ f) chromosomes in middle

Practice: Sequence Stages of the Cell Cycle

Review: Comparing Asexual/Sexual Reproduction Sexual Produces more cells Increases chance of species survival Single-celled organisms (BACTERIA) Occurs in plants and animals Offspring genetically different Offspring genetically same Increases genetic diversity Decreases genetic diversity Produced by ONE parent Produced by TWO parents Slower reproductive rate Faster reproductive rate Asexual

Regulating Cell Cycle

Cancer Original Site

Energy

ATP/ADP Cycle

Review: ATP-ADP Cycle

Review: ATP, ADP, or Both? Molecule when bonds form Molecule when bonds break Energy Molecule Nucleotide More Energy Less Energy

Photosynthesis 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2

Review: Photosynthesis • 6 ____ + _______ + 6 ____ • Organelle ___________ • (T/F) Plants, algae, and phytoplankton are photosynthetic. • What 3 factors affect photosynthesis? • Most important pigment is called __________ • Light dependent reactions light or no light? • Light independent reactions light or no light?

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy

Review: Cell Respiration • 6 ____ + _______ + 6 ____ • Organelle _______________ • • (T/F) Cell respiration occurs in all eukaryotic organisms. Aerobic reactions oxygen or no oxygen? Anaerobic oxygen or no oxygen? Match & Sequence the following: ___Kreb Cycle _____ a) glucose pyruvic acid & ATP ___Electron Transport _____ b) pyruvic acid water, CO 2, ATP

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Review: Fermentation

DNA

RNA Ribosomal RNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA

DNA or RNA? U T Deoxyribose Ribose

DNA, RNA, or Both? DNA Nucleic Acid Composed of Nucleotides Single Stranded Double Stranded Genetic Material Phosphate Pentose 5 C Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose A, G, C Uracil Thymine RNA Both

DNA Replication

Protein Synthesis

Genetic Code

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Review: Sequence Meiosis I and II 1) ___ 2) ___ 3) ___ 4) ___ 5) ___ 6) ___ 7) ___ 8) ___

Review: Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis Mitosis Produces more cells Body cells Produces haploid cells Sexual Reproduction Sperm & Egg Gametes Genetically identical cells Produces diploid cells Increases genetic variation Sex cells Somatic cells Genetically different cells Asexual Reproduction Meiosis

Review: Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis Mitosis TWO divisions DNA from one parent Occurs in ALL organisms “Crossing Over” Occurs in many organisms DNA from two parents Reduces chromosome number Maintains chromosome number ONE division Produces cells with 23 chromosomes TETRAD Skin cells, liver cells, hair cells Produces cells with 46 chromosomes Meiosis