Biology II Lab Practical Review Part I Last

Biology II Lab Practical Review Part I Last updated 11 -29 -07

Review Content This review is intended to reflect the general material as presented in the lab documents and does not take into account specific emphases that individual professors may or may not stress. Always check with your professor for any clarifications.

Geologic Time-line n What are the current hierarchical set of divisions for describing geologic time, going from larger to smaller units. n n n n a. Period, Era, Epoch, Eon b. Era, Epoch, Eon, Period c. Eon, Era, Period, Epoch d. Epoch, Period, Era, Eon Answer: c In the Paleozoic Era is the Carboniferous Period before or after the Permian Period? Answer: Before: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian

Martin, R. Aidan. 2003. Copyright and Usage Policy. World Wide Web Publication, www. elasmo-research. org/education/students/citations

Half Life n n n Assume a half life is 5, 730 years. A fossil has 1/16 the Carbon 14 compared to when it was living. How many half lifes have occurred? Answer: (½)n where n = the number of half lifes. ½ x ½ x ½ = 1/16 = four half lifes. What is the age of the fossil? Answer: 5, 730 yrs. /half life x 4 half lifes = 22, 920 yrs.

Baculites compressus (Ammonite) Crinoid Fossil Identification White Shark Tooth Carcharodon sp. Bear Claw (Ursa sp. ) Palaeocoma egertoni Brittlestar Amber

Archaeopteryx Eurypterid Fossil Lobster Fossil Identification Smilodon Homo neandertalensis (skull on left) Fossil Fern

Horseshoe Crab Ammonite Fossil Identification Copralite Priscacara oxyprion Bony Fish Bryozoan Archimedes sp.

Methods for fossil dating n Which are methods for determing fossil dating? n n n n a. Paleomagnetic dating b. Rubidium-strontium dating c. Flourine dating d. Carbon 14 dating e. Relative dating f. d. and e. g. All the above Answer: g.

Fossilization Processes n n Otzi was a complete human preserved in a glacier for over 5300 yrs. What type of fossilization was this? Answer: Freezing Name five other types of fossilization. Answer: Amber, Casts or Molds, Imprints, Petrification, Tar Pits

Mechanisms of Evolution n n n n Name the five conditions necessary for Hardy-Weinberg to occur. Answer: Random mating, no natural selection, large population sample, no mutations, no immigration or emigration 125 students out of 500 have an unattached ear which is recessive. Determine p, q, p 2, q 2 and 2 pq. Answer: 125/500 =. 25 = q 2 (. 25)1/2 =. 5 = q. 5 + p = 1 1 -. 5 = p. 52 =. 25 = p 2 2 x. 5 = 2 pq

Genotype vs. Phenotype n Attached ears is a dominant trait. The genotype for this is: n n n a. EE b. Ee c. ee d. a or b e. All of the above Answer: d.

Taxonomy n n The Five Kingdom system, Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia, was changed to the current Three Domain System. Name the domains. Answer: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Methanogens, extreme halophiles and extreme thermophiles belong to which domain? Answer: Archaea

Which is gram negative? n n n Answer: One on the right Which has more peptidoglycan in the cell wall? Answer: One on the left Peptidoglycan is made up of what? Answer: Polymers of sugars and amino acids

Prokaryotic Cell Nutritional Modes n n What are the energy and carbon sources for a photoheterotroph? Answer: Light (energy) and organic compounds (carbon)

Merismopedia Gleocapsa cocci - yogurt Bacteria Identification bacilli, cocci, spirochete Anabaena Oscillatoria

Microscopes n n n If the ocular lens is 10 X and the objective lens is 40 X, then what is the total magnification? Answer: (10 X) x (40 X) = 400 X The diameter of the FOV at 400 X is what? Answer: . 45 mm What is the size of a single cell in mm if it takes 5 cells to fit across the diameter of the FOV? Answer: . 45 mm / 5 cells =. 09 mm/cell

Protista Tentative Clades n D P E A S C A R C Diplomonadida - Giardia lamblia Parabasala - Trichomonas vaginalis (STD) Euglenazoa - Kinetoplastids (Trypanosoma /sleeping sickness); Euglinids (Euglena)) Kinetoplastids (Trypanosoma/sleeping sickness); Euglinids ( Alveolata - Dinoflagellata (Ceratium /red tide); Apicomplexa (Plasmodium/malaria); Dinoflagellata (Ceratium/red tide); Apicomplexa ( n Stramenopila - Oomycetes (water molds, rusts, mildews); Bacillariophtes (diatoms); n n n Ciliates (Paramecium ) Ciliates (Paramecium) Chrysophytes (golden algae); Phaeophytes (brown algae) Radiolarians – test (skeleton) made of silica with axopodia extending through Cercozoa - diverse amoebas: Chlorarachniophytes, Foraminifera, slender plasma strands n n n Amoebazoa - lobed pseudopodia: Gymnamoeba, Entamoebas, cellular slime molds, plasmodial slime molds Rhodophyta - red algae (Porphyra)) Chlorophyta - green algae (Ulva, Chlamydomonas, Volvox)

Protista ID Giardia - Diplomonadida Vorticella - Alveolata Diatom – Stramenopila Trypanosoma - Euglenazoa Volvox - Chlorophyta Diatom - Stramenopila Stentor - Alveolata

Protista ID Trichomonas vaginalis Parabasala Cercozoa - Radiolarians Amoeba - Amoebazoa Paramecium - Alveolata Euglena - Euglenazoa Plasmodium - Alveolata

Protista ID Ceratium - Alveolata Red Tide - Alveolata Foraminifera - Cercozoa

Protista ID - Algae Fucus – Brown (Phaeophytes) Stramenopila Kelp – Brown (Phaeophytes) Stramenopila Porphyra - Rhodophyta Holdfast Stipe Float Lamina/Blade Ulva sp. - Chlorophyta

Plants I n n Seedless Non-Vascular Phylums - Name Them Answer: Bryophyta Hepatophyta Anthocerophyta Seedless Vascular Phylums – Name Them Answer: Lycophyta Pterophyta, which includes ferns, Psilotum, horsetails (Equisetum)

Bryophyte Life Cycle § What are the two gametangia below? § Answer: Archegonium with egg (on left) and Antheridium with sperm § Are they gametophyte or sporophyte? § Answer: gametophyte (on right)

Pterophyta Name the Phylum of each example. Pterophyta Psilotum Hepatophyta Pterophyta Equisetum Bryophyta Anthocerophyta Lycophyta

Sporophyte What are the dominant generations of each example? Sporophyte Gametophyte Sporophyte

Cycadophyta - male Cycadophyta - female Plants II Ginkgophyta What are the Phylums of each example? Gnetophyta Coniferophyta

Monocot Eudicot Monocot or Eudicot? Eudicot Monocot Eudicot

n n Identify which is the female ovulate cone and the male staminate cone? Answer: Ovulate cone on left; staminate cone on right Are the pictures below sporophyte (2 N) or gametophyte (1 N)? Answer: Sporophyte (2 N)

Flower Parts Stamen Carpel Stigma Style Anther Filament Ovary Ovule Petal Sepal Pedicel Receptacle