Biology Chapter 3 Birth Control Activities 1 2

Biology Chapter 3: Birth Control (Activities 1 -2 -3)

What is Birth Control? • Birth control involves methods that prevent pregnancy before it happens or methods that assist in pregnancy where it is hard to achieve • Birth control can be done in many ways like: – Preventing fertilization – Preventing implantation – Preventing ovulation – Abortion – Procreation

Contraception • Contraception is the method used to prevent unwanted pregnancy • There are 2 types of contraception: chemical and mechanical • Some contraception methods (mainly male condoms) may also be used to protect individuals from sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS

Chemical Contraception • Chemical contraception involves – Pills which contain hormones. They should be taken daily – Contraceptive patch which is placed on the body of the female and secrete hormones – Contraceptive vaginal ring which is placed in the vagina of the woman and also releases hormones

Mechanical Contraception • Mechanical contraception involves: – Male condom which covers the erected penis. It keeps semen inside and not enter the vagina of the female – Female condom which is a membrane inserted in the vagina just before sexual relation. It prevents semen from reaching the uterus. It should be accompanied with a spermicide. – IUDs which are T shaped instruments that are implanted by the doctor inside the uterus. They prevent the sperms from reaching the uterus and make the uterus inappropriate for implantation

Emergency Contraception • Emergency pill is also known as the tomorrow pill is a pill containing a high dose of an ovarian hormone • It is used when unprotected or poorly protected sex takes place • It should be taken within 3 days after the sexual intercourse • It blocks ovulation, prevents ascending of the sperm and prevents implantation

Contragestion • Contragestive methods involve the interruption of pregnancy by preventing implantation or by causing abortion • Contragestive methods involve: – VIP which is sucking out the embryo within 12 weeks of pregnancy – MIP which involves the use of a drug which dilates the cervix and kills the embryo – RU 486 which is a pill that destructs the uterine lining and causes menses

Procreation • Procreation is the process of assisting reproduction • It is done when pregnancy is hard to happen • Pregnancy is hard to occur in case of male and female infertility • Infertility is the case where the male or female are infertile and unable to reproduce

Medically Assisted Procreation (MAP) • There are many methods of procreation: – IVF and ET which involve fertilization outside the body of the female and then implanting the fertilized ova inside the female’s uterus – Artificial insemination is the injection of the mobile sperm cells into the uterus of the female using a catheter – ICSI which is similar to IVF but in this case the sperm cells are not left to fertilize the ova on their own, they are injected directly into the cytoplasm of the ova

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