Biology Cells and the microscope 1 of of
Biology Cells and the microscope 1 of of 40 20 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Today’s objectives To learn about how: • To make up a slide of onion tissue and look at the cells using a microscope • How living things are organised 1 of 40 20 2 of © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Homework • Blue book Pg 16 11, 12 • Orange book Pg 19 Q 9 • Learn about how living things are organised 1 of 40 20 3 of © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
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Homework • Pg 15 Q 3, 4 • Learn how a living thing is organised 1 of 40 20 5 of © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
How is the body organized? To understand how the body is organized, think about how a school is organized. . A school needs to be very organized. Every pupil in the school needs to know where they should be and what they are doing. However. . . Not all pupils study the same subjects. Not all pupils can work together efficiently. There is not room for all the pupils to be in the same place. 1 of 40 20 6 of © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
How is the body organized? A school is made up of an organized system. Individual pupil Tutor group Year group Junior / Senior Cycle School 1 of 40 20 7 of © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Organisation of a living thing All living things are made of small units called cells. animal 1 of 40 20 8 of plant © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
How is the body organized? Cells are the basic units of life. cell 1 of 40 20 9 of Groups of cells work together to form tissues. tissue Groups of tissues work together to form organs. organ © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
How is the body organized? Groups of organs form organ systems. For example, the human digestive system is made up of several organs including the mouth, gullet, stomach and small intestine. The different organs in a system are linked together by tubes or vessels. What other human body systems can you think of? 1 10 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
How is the body organized? Why do organisms have to be so organized? Organization of the body allows complex organisms to carry out many different jobs at the same time. body life processes grow reproduce move Be sensitive and respond to things respire feed excrete Being organized means that the body does not waste energy, so it is more efficient. 1 11 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Matching systems and organs 1 12 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
What did you learn today? 1 13 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
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Learning objectives • • 1 15 ofof 20 40 What cells are What animal and plant cells look like How cells work The differences between plant cells and animal cells © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Homework • Draw out a diagram of a microscope in your notes copy. • Write a sentence about what each part of the microscope does. 1 16 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
What are living things made of? Cells are the building blocks of life. They come in all shapes and sizes. Some organisms are made up of only one cell and are called uni-cellular. Others are made up of lots of cells and are called multi-cellular. 1 17 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Contents 7 A Cells What are cells? Animal and plant cells Cells to organisms Where do cells come from? Summary activities 1 18 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
What is a cell? Animal and plant cells all have three basic parts Plant cell animal plant cell nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane Plant cells also have some extra features that make them different to animal cells. 1 19 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
The cell – a living factory! 1 20 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
What does each part do? 1 21 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
A typical animal cell 1 22 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
A typical plant cell 1 23 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Typical animal and plant cells 1 24 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Comparing cell structure 1 25 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
The microscope 1 26 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Contents Cells What are cells? Animal and plant cells Cells to organisms Where do cells come from? Summary activities 1 27 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
When does the body need to produce new cells? Think of the following situations…. . growth Your body loses cells and cells are constantly dying but your skin doesn’t disappear and you don’t get smaller. repair You cut your finger. The wound is eventually healed and weeks later you cannot even see where the cut used to be. reproduction Your body can make sex cells. In humans, these cells are sperm or egg cells. These cells contain the same genetic information that can be found in other body cells. 1 28 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
How does the body produce new cells? The body needs to produce new cells for three main reasons: ● growth ● repair ● reproduction How does it produce these cells? The body is always producing new cells from old cells dividing. This is called cell division. 1 29 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Where do cells come from? Cell division occurs extremely quickly and each new cell is also able to divide. 1 30 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Cell division 1 31 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Contents 7 A Cells What are cells? Animal and plant cells Cells to organisms Where do cells come from? Summary activities 1 32 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Glossary l cell – The building block that all living things are made of. l cell membrane – covering of a cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell. l cell wall – Outer layer of a plant cell that gives the cell its shape. l chloroplast – The part of a plant cell containing chlorophyll. l cytoplasm – The liquid material inside a cell. l nucleus – The control centre of a cell. l organ – A group of tissues that work together. l system – A group of organs that work together. l tissue – A group of the same type of cells that work together. l vacuole – A space inside a cell filled with watery sap. 1 33 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Anagrams 1 34 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Cells summary 1 35 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
Multiple-choice quiz 1 36 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004
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