Biology 4 What is Life Properties of Life

Biology 4

What is Life?

Properties of Life

Reproduction

Order

Growth and Development

Energy Processing

Response to the Environment

Homeostasis (Regulation)

Evolutionary Adaptations

Smallest Unit of Life • Cell or Virus? ?

Smallest Unit of Life – The Cell • Prokaryotic Cells – DNA and Ribosomes – No nucleus – No membrane bound Organelles • Eukaryotic Cells – DNA and Ribosomes – Nucleus – Membrane bound Organelles

Emergent Properties • Novel properties emerge that are not present at the level below • Reductionism ?

Unity and Diversity

Biology Hierarchy

Biology Hierarchy • • Subatomic Particles Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organ Systems • • • Organisms Populations Communities Ecosystems Biomes Biosphere

Biology Hierarchy • K • P • C • O • F • G • S

Biology Hierarchy • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

Biology Hierarchy • Kingdom - Animalia • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

Biology Hierarchy • Kingdom - Animalia • Phylum - Chordata • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

Biology Hierarchy • Kingdom - Animalia • Phylum - Chordata • Class - Aves • Order • Family • Genus • Species

Biology Hierarchy • Kingdom - Animalia • Phylum - Chordata • Class - Aves • Order - Falconiformes • Family • Genus • Species

Biology Hierarchy • Kingdom - Animalia • Phylum - Chordata • Class - Aves • Order - Falconiformes • Family - Accipitridae • Genus • Species

Biology Hierarchy • Kingdom - Animalia • Phylum - Chordata • Class - Aves • Order - Falconiformes • Family - Accipitridae • Genus - Haliaeetus • Species

Biology Hierarchy • Kingdom - Animalia • Phylum - Chordata • Class - Aves • Order - Falconiformes • Family - Accipitridae • Genus - Haliaeetus • Species - leucocephalus

Biology Hierarchy • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

Domains

Domain: Bacteria • Prokaryotic • Cell Walls Peptidoglycan • Most Bacteria

Domain: Archaea • Prokaryotic • Extreme Conditions • Make DNA and Proteins like eukaryotic cells

Domain: Eukarya • Eukaryotic Cells

Kingdom: Protista • Usually Unicellular • Some have Cell Walls of Cellulose

Kingdom: Fungi • Multicellular • Cell Walls of Chitin • Decomposers

Kingdom: Plantae • Multicellular • Cell Walls of Cellulose • Autotrophs

Kingdom: Animalia • Multicellular • No Cell Walls • Heterotrophs

What is Science? • Science = To Know • Science is a process – Scientific Method

Scientific Method • Observation – Senses / Lit search • Hypothesis – Testable and Repeatable – Null hypothesis – No significant difference – Alternative hypothesis – significant difference • Experiment – Sample Size = 30 – Control, change one variable – Threshold criterion (0. 05) • Analysis – Quantitative (Statistical testing) • Conclusion – Inductive Reasoning – (Derive generalizations from specific observations) – Deductive Reasoning – (From general premises, we extrapolate to specific results)

Are they the same? • Hypothesis • Theory • Law

Probability in Science • Science eliminates possibilities

Probability in Science • Do the colors make them harder to see? • Is there a benefit looking like a poisonous species?

Probability in Science • Science eliminates possibilities

Evolution

Evolution • Change over time

Why isn’t “Intelligent Design” taught in most science Classes?