Biology 1Hons Biology 1 Weeks 182018 19 SY

Biology 1/Hons. Biology 1 Weeks 18_2018 -19 SY

COPY DATE, TOPIC & OBJECTIVE ON PG. 56 Date: 1. 7. 19 Ch. 7 Cellular Respiration Topic(s): Glycolysis and Fermentation (Day 1) Objective: SWBAT 1) Identify the two major steps of cellular respiration; 2) Describe the major events in glycolysis Ch. 4 & 5 Test retake Jan. 7 (Mon) & 8 (Tues) from 1: 45 -2: 30 Ch. 7 -1 Mini Quiz Jan 9 (Wed) Copy HW, DN (Answer DN), ET on PG. 55 Do Now: Update TOC; Complete copying information for today’s opening pages Define the vocab words: Respiration, Cellular Respiration, Aerobic, Anaerobic, Glycolysis, NADH Write the reaction for Cellular respiration CW: Bio 1 Glycolysis & Fermentation (day 1); Cellular Respiration Video: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 J 4 LXs-o. DCU HW: Organize notebook; any unfinished CW/HW/ET 1. Complete Relevant Parts of 7 -1 Review Pkt. 2. Work on Mid Year Study Guide (Ch. 1 Sec 4) Exit Ticket: 1) Do autotrophs perform cellular respiration? 2) How are the processes of respiration and cellular respiration similar and different? 3) What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Body of Lesson: (DO NOT HAVE TO COPY) 1. Do Now(DN) & DN debrief 2. Glycolysis and Fermentation (day 1) 3. Exit ticket

Overview of Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration - a process where chemical energy is harvested from food and converted to ATP (energy) –This is an aerobic process –Occurs in the mitochondria –All living organisms perform cellular respiration –Divided into two major stages –Glycolysis –Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic Respiration The process of respiration that uses oxygen to break down glucose to produce ATP Anaerobic Respiration The process of respiration that does not use oxygen to break down glucose to produce ATP - Lactic acid is created and associated with the muscle cramps with heavy exercise

The Relationship Between Cellular Respiration and Respiration (Breathing) Cellular respiration and breathing are closely related – Breathing exchanges gases between the blood and outside air – We inhale Oxygen (needed for CR) and exhale Carbon Dioxide (waste product of CR)

Breathing Lungs Muscle cells Cellular respiration Figure 6. 4

Equation for Cellular Respiration PRODUCTS REACTANTS C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + ATP glucose + oxygen → carbon + water + energy dioxide

Organic Compounds Ex. Glucose Glycolysis Oxygen absent (ANAEROBIC) Fermentation ATP Oxygen present. AEROBIC Aerobic Respiration ATP

Stages of Cellular Respiration ANAEROBIC • Glycolysis (Glyco – sugar ; lysis – splitting/break down) Splitting sugars Occurs in the cytoplasm Two phases – 1) energy investment phase 2) energy harvesting phase AEROBIC • Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Occurs in the Mitochondrial Matrix • Electron Transport Chain Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Stage 1 - Glycolysis Ø A ten-step process that occurs in the cytoplasm ØAn anaerobic process ØTwo phases – 1) Energy investment phase – 2 ATP molecules transfer energy to the glucose molecule – Fructose 1, 6 biphosphate 2) Energy harvesting phase a) 2 - 3 Carbon molecule is converted to pyruvate b) 4 ATP molecules are formed 3) Net yield, 2 ATP (per glucose molecule), 2 NADH (per glucose molecule) (high energy electron carriers) are produced

COPY DATE, TOPIC & OBJECTIVE ON PG. 58 Date: 1. 8. 19 Ch. 7 Cellular Respiration Topic(s): Glycolysis and Fermentation (Day 2) Objective: SWBAT 1) Calculate the efficiency of glycolysis and 2) Compare lactic acid fermentation with alcoholic fermentation; Ch. 4 & 5 Test retake Jan. 7 (Mon) & 8 (Tues) from 1: 45 -2: 30 Ch. 7 -1 Mini Quiz Jan 9 (Wed) Copy HW, DN (Answer DN), ET on PG. 57 Do Now: Update TOC; Complete copying information for today’s opening pages What is fermentation? Compare and contrast lactic acid and alcohol fermentation. CW: Bio 1 Glycolysis & Fermentation (day 2); Fermentation Amoeba sisters Video: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ybdkb. CU 20_M HW: Organize notebook; any unfinished CW/HW/ET 1. Complete 7 -1 & Relevant parts of Skills Wksht. From the Review Pkt. ; 2. STUDY for Ch. 7 -1 Mini Quiz Exit Ticket: What type of organisms perform fermentation? And why? Body of Lesson: (DO NOT HAVE TO COPY) 1. Do Now(DN) & DN debrief 2. Glycolysis and Fermentation (day 2) 3. Exit ticket

Organic Compounds Ex. Glucose Glycolysis Oxygen absent (ANAEROBIC) Fermentation ATP Oxygen present. AEROBIC Aerobic Respiration ATP

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION : Converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION : Converts pyruvic acid to ethyl alcohol

Lactic Acid Fermentation vs. Alcohol Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation 1. Pyruvate Lactate (or lactic acid) 2. Ex. Bacteria, humans 3. Bacteria – Used to make cheese & yogurt Humans – Build up of lactic acid in muscles as a result of strenuous exercise Alcohol Fermentation Anaerobic Processes Pyruvate is the Input NAD+ is recycled for glycolysis 1. Pyruvate Ethanol (or Ethyl alcohol) + CO 2 2. Ex. Fungi (Yeast) 3. Yeast – Used in brewing, winemaking & baking

Efficiency of Glycolysis Efficiency of = No. of x Energy required glycolysis ATP molecules to make ATP __________________ x 100% Energy released by oxidation of Glucose = = 2 ATP x 7 kcal _________ x 100% 686 kcal 2%

COPY DATE, TOPIC & OBJECTIVE ON PG. 60 Date: 1. 9. 19 Ch. 7 Cellular Respiration Topic(s): Ch. 7 Quiz; Anaerobic Respiration Demo Objective: SWBAT 1) take a formative assessment on everything they learnt in Ch. 7 so far; 2) observe anaerobic respiration demo & write a mini-CER using related vocab Ch. 7 Past Due Work Deadline, Jan. 14 2019 Ch. 7 Test Tues. Jan. 15 2019 Copy HW, DN (Answer DN), ET on PG. 59 Do Now: Update TOC; Complete copying information for today’s opening pages Clear your tables and get ready for the Mini Quiz CW: Ch. 7 -1 Mini Quiz; Anaerobic Respiration Demo HW: Organize notebook; any unfinished CW/HW/ET 1. Complete Reasoning using vocab. (Anaerobic respiration, alcohol fermentation, CO 2, ethanol, fermentation, glycolysis, pyruvic acid, sugar, yeast). UNDERLINE/HIGHLIGHT vocab. 2. Work on Mid Year Exam Study Guide (Ch. 2 – Secs 1 & 2) Exit Ticket: Rate the Quiz Too Easy Just Right Body of Lesson: (DO NOT HAVE TO COPY) 1. Do Now(DN) & DN debrief 2. Ch. 7 -1 Mini Quiz Too Hard 3. Anaerobic Respiration Demo & Why? 4. Exit ticket

COPY DATE, TOPIC & OBJECTIVE ON PG. 62 Date: 1. 10. 19 Ch. 7 Cellular Respiration Topic(s): Aerobic Respiration (Kreb’s Cycle) Objective: SWBAT 1) Relate aerobic respiration to the structure of a mitochondrion; 2) Summarize the events of the Krebs cycle Ch. 7 Related past Due work deadline Mon, Jan. 14, 2019 Ch. 7 Test, Tuesday Jan. 15, 2019 Copy HW, DN (Answer DN), ET on PG. 61 Do Now: Update TOC; Complete copying information for today’s opening pages Define the vocab words: Mitochondria, Mitochondrial Matrix, Acetyl Co. A, Oxaloacetic Acid (OAA), Citric Acid, FADH 2 CW: Aerobic Respiration (Kreb’s Cycle) Cellular Respiration Video: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 J 4 LXs-o. DCU HW: Organize notebook; any unfinished CW/HW/ET 1. Complete Relevant Sections of Ch. 7 -2 Review Pkt. ; 2) Work on Mid Year Study Guide (Ch. 2 Sec 3) Exit Ticket: Where does Kreb’s Cycle happen in the cell? What is the input and output of Kreb’s Cycle? How many ATP molecules are produced at the end of Kreb’s Cycle? Body of Lesson: (DO NOT HAVE TO COPY) 1. Do Now(DN) & DN debrief 2. Aerobic Respiration (Kreb’s Cycle) 3. Exit ticket

Transition Stage : Oxidation of pyruvate v. Where/Location: Mitochondrial matrix v. Pyruvate Acetyl Co. A v. Electrons are transferred to NADH and a carbon is lost v. Carbon dioxide is formed

Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle/Kreb’s Cycle ØAn 8 -step process that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix ØAn aerobic process ØAcetyl Co. A (2 C) + Oxaloacetate acid (4 C) 6 carbon molecule ØProduces: CO 2, ATP, NADH and FADH 2 (Electron carriers) ØNet yield (per glucose molecule): 2 ATP molecules 6 NADH and 2 FADH 2

Pyruvate Oxidation + Kreb’s Cycle Net compounds Formed: 8 NADH 2 2 FADH 2 2 ATP 6 CO 2

COPY DATE, TOPIC & OBJECTIVE ON PG. 64 Date: 1. 19 Ch. 7 Cellular Respiration Topic(s): Aerobic Respiration (ETC & Chemiosmosis) Objective: SWBAT 1) summarize the events of Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis; 2) Calculate the efficiency of aerobic respiration; 3) Contrast the roles of glycolysis and aerobic respiration in CR Ch. 7 Test, Tuesday Jan. 15, 2019 Term 2 Project (Due Thursday Jan. 17 th 2019) Copy HW, DN (Answer DN), ET on PG. 63 Do Now: Update TOC; Complete copying information for today’s opening pages What does ETC stand for? Recall – What is Chemiosmosis? CW: Aerobic Respiration (ETC & Chemiosmosis) Cellular Respiration Video: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 J 4 LXs-o. DCU HW: Organize notebook; any unfinished CW/HW/ET 1. Complete Ch. 7 Review Pkt 2. Make study guide and study for Ch. 7 Test 3) Start brainstorming for Term 2 Project Exit Ticket: Compare glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Body of Lesson: (DO NOT HAVE TO COPY) 1. Do Now(DN) & DN debrief 2. Aerobic Respiration (ETC & Chemiosmosis). 3. Exit ticket

Electron Transport Chain ØInvolves a series of membrane bound carriers in the mitochondria in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ØElectrons are released from NADH and from FADH 2 and as they are passed along the series of enzymes, they give up energy which is used to fuel chemiosmosis (a process by which H+ ions are actively transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the outer mitochondrial compartment). The H+ ions flow back through ATP Synthase complex – ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase – oxygen (terminal electron acceptor); oxygen is reduced to water (by product of ETC) Ø 32 -36 ATP is produced

Figure 6. 11 Rotenone Cyanide, carbon monoxide H H H Oligomycin ATP synthase H H DNP FADH 2 NADH H FAD 1 O 2 2 H 2 O 2 H ADP P ATP

Efficiency of Cellular Respiration Efficiency of = No. of x Energy required glycolysis ATP molecules to make ATP __________________ x 100% Energy released by oxidation of Glucose = = 36 ATP x 7 kcal _________ x 100% 686 kcal 37 -40% (Depending on the number of ATP made)

6. 11 CONNECTION: Interrupting cellular respiration can have both harmful and beneficial effects • Three categories of cellular poisons obstruct the process of oxidative phosphorylation. These poisons 1. block the electron transport chain (for example, rotenone, cyanide, and carbon monoxide), 2. inhibit ATP synthase (for example, the antibiotic oligomycin), or 3. make the membrane leaky to hydrogen ions (called uncouplers, examples include dinitrophenol). © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION (SUMMARIZED) STAGE 1: GLYCOLYSIS (PER GLUCOSE) TRANSITION STAGE: PYRUVATE OXIDATION (PER GLUCOSE) STAGE 2: KREB’S CYCLE (PER GLUCOSE) STAGE 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC) (PER GLUCOSE) LOCATION Cytoplasm Mitochondrial Matrix Inner mitochondrial membrane O 2 REQUIRED NO YES YES REACTANTS/ STARTING PRODUCTS Glucose (6 -C) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 Pyruvate 2 NAD+ 2 Acetyl Co. A 2 Oxaloacetate 6 NAD+ 2 FAD 2 ADP 2 Pi 6 NADH (Kreb’s) 2 NADH (Pyruvate oxidation) 2 NADH (Cytosolic glycolysis) 2 FADH 2 (Kreb’s) 32 ADP 32 Pi 6 O 2 12 H+ PRODUCTS/ END-PRODUCTS 2 Pyruvate 4 ATP 2 NADH 2 Acetyl Co. A 2 NADH 2 CO 2 2 Oxaloacetate 6 NADH 2 FADH 2 2 ATP 10 NAD+ 2 FAD+ 32 ATP 6 H 2 O NET ATP PRODUCED 2 NONE 2 32

Glycolysis vs. Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Aerobic Respiration 1) Happens mostly in simple forms of life 1) Happens mostly in complex forms of life 2) Anerobic 2) Aerobic 3) Only 2 molecules of ATP generated 3) Upto 36 -38 molecules of ATP generated 4) Efficiency – 2% 4) Efficiency – 36 -38%