Biologically Important Molecules Carbohydrates General Chemical Formula CH

Biologically Important Molecules

Carbohydrates General Chemical Formula = CH 2 O Possible Forms of Macromolecule: • Sugars (Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Sucrose, etc…) • Starch • Cellulose & Glycogen

Structural Molecules Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide (Starch)

Functions in Cell • Body breaks down carbohydrates into monosaccharides (specifically glucose). • Glucose travels through bloodstream to cells. • Glucose is then used by mitochondria to produce ATP (energy for your cells).

Polymers & Monomers • Monomer is called: Monosaccharide – Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose • Polymer is called: Polysaccharide – Examples: Sucrose, Starch

Proteins General Chemical Formula = CH(NH 2)COOH Possible Forms of Macromolecule: • Testosterone/Estrogen • Structural Proteins • Enzymes • Antibodies • Hemoglobin

Structural Molecules Generic Amino Acid Hemoglobin

Functions in Cell • Act as hormones (Testosterone, Estrogen, etc…) • Structural proteins (muscle, hair, nails, ligaments, tooth enamel) • Enzymes (proteases, etc…) • Immune system (antibodies) • Carries oxygen in blood (Hemoglobin)

Polymers & Monomers • Monomer is called: Amino Acid – Examples: Valine, alanine, glycine, etc… Polymer is called: Protein Hemoglobin

Lipids General Chemical Formula = Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen. Possible Forms of Macromolecule: • Fats • Phospholipids • Steroids • Waxes

Structural Molecules

Functions in Cell • Fats – energy storage molecule • Phospholipids – form cell membrane

Polymers & Monomers • Example of a monomer is a fatty acid. • Example of a polymer is a triglyceride.

Nucleic Acids General Chemical Formula = Nucleotides composed of a sugar (CH 2 O), a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. Possible Forms of Macromolecule: • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) • RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

Structural Molecules

Functions in Cell • DNA stores heredity information that can be used to make proteins. • RNA plays several roles including the manufacture of proteins.

Polymers & Monomers Monomer Polymer