Biological Molecules Ms Mac Cormack Spring 2018 The

Biological Molecules Ms Mac. Cormack Spring 2018

The 4 Biological Molecules • All contain carbon. • Polymer – a large molecule formed when many small molecules bond together, • Monomer – small molecules that make up a polymer

The 4 Biological Molecules • The 4 Biological molecules include: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Nucleic Acids 4. Lipids

Carbohydrates (Polymer) • Monomer = Saccharide (Simple Sugar) • Use/Function : Provides cells with energy and structure

Carbohydrates – Two Types 1. Simple Carbohydrates • Monosaccharides & Disaccharides • Taste: Sweet tasting carbs • Food examples found in my fridge: fruit, table sugar, candy, soda • Examples of Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose, galactose • Examples of Disaccharides: Sucrose, lactose, maltose 2. Complex Carbohydrates • Polysaccharides • Taste: Starchy carbs • Food examples found in my fridge: rice, pasta, bread, potatoes, corn, cabbage • Glycogen – animal many glucoses linked together • Cellulose – plants Structural We can’t digest it. “Dietary Fiber”

Glycogen vs Cellulose • Glycogen • Cellulose

Carbohydrate Tests For Monosaccharides • Benedict’s Solution • Negative Test: Blue • Positive Test: Orange or Red For Polysaccharides (Starch) • Iodine Test • Negative Test – Amber • Positive Test – dark purple/black

Lipids (Polymer) • 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids (Monomer) • Do not dissolve in water • Use: Serve as cell’s stored energy source and insulation

Lipid Structure G L Y C E R O L Fatty Acid

• Food examples found in my refrigerator: Bacon, Butter, Oil

Lipid Test • Brown Paper Bag Test • Negative Test = No spot • Positive Test = Clear oily spot

Other Examples of Lipids: • 1. Phospholipids: major component of cell membranes 2. Steroids

Nucleic Acids(Polymer) • Nucleotide (Monomer) • Use: Carries genetic information in the form of a code

Two Types of Nucleic Acids DNA RNA 1. Structure – 2 strands 2. Bases – Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine 3. Sugar - Deoxyribose 1. Structure – 1 strand 2. Bases – Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine 3. Sugar - Ribose

Food Source of Nucleic Acids • Any and all once living things

Nucleic Acid Test • None

Protein (polymer) • Amino acid (monomer) • Use: Provides structure for tissues and organs • Proteins are specialized based on how they fold

Protein Test • Biuret Test • Negative test = clear • Positive test = lavender/light purple

Examples of Proteins (End in –in) • Hemoglobin • Actin • Keratin • Pepsin • Myosin • Collagen

Examples of Proteins Found in Refrigerator • Meat • Beans • Eggs • Cheese