Biological Molecules Building Blocks of Life Biological Compounds

Biological Molecules Building Blocks of Life

Biological Compounds Categories: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

• Principle Elements • Ratio of Various Elements • Special Functional Groups

Monomer • Subunits that serve as building blocks • Connected by condensation reactions (dehydration) Polymers • Covalent bonding occurs • Solubility in Water

Monomer Polymer

The Molecules of Life: Carbohydrates

Principle Elements: C, H, & O H: O = 2: 1 Many Hydroxyl Groups (-OH) Monomers: Monosaccharides Polymers: Polysaccharides Water Soluble

• • Energy Metabolism Structural Components Cell-to-Cell Contacts and Recognition Elimination of wastes (fiber) APT cell Helper. T cell

Chemical Formulas C 6 H 12 O 6 From corn syrup C 6 H 12 O 6

Lactose glucose + galactose Maltose Sucrose glucose + fructose

glycogen

• Principle Elements: C, H, & O • Some With P & N • H: O >>> 2: 1 • Diverse Group of Biological Molecules • Water Insoluble

• Energy Storage • Protection & Cushioning of Body Organs • Structural Components of Membranes • Chemical Messengers (hormones)

• • • Triglycerides (neutral fats) Phospholipids Sterols Waxes Vitamins (D, E, K)

• Saturated with H+ • Most animal fats are saturated, ex. butter • Solid at room temp Glycerol Fatty Acids

• Has one or more double bonds between carbons • Most vegetable fats • Liquid at room temp

Bacon grease cholesterol

• • • Family history of vascular disease High levels of blood cholesterol Smoking Diabetes Hypertension Obesity

• • Eat healthy Exercise Lose wt. Quit smoking 1 glass wine or beer Medication Surgery

• Principle Elements: C, H, O, & N • Monomers: Amino Acids • Polymers: Polypeptides or Proteins • Generally Water Soluble

Functional Groups of Amino Acids • Carboxylic Acid (-COOH) • Amine (-NH 2) • R-Groups (variable - 20 different kinds)

• Enzymes • Structural Proteins • Chemical Messengers (Hormones) • Contractile • Antibodies

Principle Elements: C, H, O, N, & P Monomers: Nucleotides Polymers: Nucleic Acids Generally Water Soluble

Nucleotide Components: Ribose (Sugar) Phosphate Nitrogenous Base

• Genetic Instruction Set (DNA) • Protein Synthesis (DNA & RNA) • Energy Metabolism (ATP)

ATP

Role of ATP in Energy Metabolism ATP ADP + Pi + Energy

Role of ATP in Energy Metabolism