Biological Macromolecules You are what you eat Background

Biological Macromolecules You are what you eat.

Background Information: o o “Biological Macromolecule” means the large molecules that all living things contain. Four categories n n Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates o Examples: n n o Bread Rice Corn Pasta Subunits: n Monosaccharides

Carbohydrates o Uses: n n o Rapid energy source for cells Structural building material in plants Found in cells: n n Cytoplasm Attached to the outside of cell membranes

Carbohydrates o Elements: n n n o Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Ratio of CH 2 O

Lipids o Examples: n n n o Oils Butter Waxes Subunits: n phospholipids

Lipids o Uses: n n n o Store energy for long periods of time Form the cell membranes Form waterproof surfaces Found in cells: n n In cell membranes In storage vacuoles

Lipids o Elements: n n n Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen

Proteins o Examples: n n o Meat Fish Beans Nuts Subunits: n Amino acid

Protein o Uses: n n o Building cellular structures Control cell processes as enzymes Found in cells: n n In the cytoplasm As channels in the cell membrane

Protein o Elements: n n Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen

Nucleic Acids o Examples: n n o DNA RNA Subunits: n Nucleotides

Nucleic acids o Uses: n n o Transmits genetic information from one generation to the next. Controls protein production Found in cells: n n In the nucleus In the cytoplasm

Nucleic Acids o Elements: n n Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen Phosphorous

Biological Polymers o Polymers: Long chains of repeating units. n n n Monosaccharides bond to form polysaccharides Amino acids join to form proteins Nucleotides bond to form nucleic acids