Biological determinants To Recap Body weight Birth weight

Biological determinants

To Recap. . Body weight Birth weight Blood pressure Biological determinants Blood cholesterol Genetics Glucose regulation

Body weight �Can have a range of impacts on an individual. �Can be a risk factor for many other health conditions like Hypertension, high blood cholesterol and impaired glucose regulation.

Body weight �Obesity is linked to: �Cardiovascular disease �Some cancers (e. g. Colorectal cancer) �Respiratory problems �Arthritis �Self esteem issues �Social exclusion

Blood pressure �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Nb 4 jpp-GGUs

Blood pressure �Factors contributing to Hypertension (high blood pressure) are: � Stress � Smoking � Excessive alcohol consumption � Genetic predisposition � Poor diet (high sodium intake increases BP)

Cholesterol �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=wn. K 1 Kv 3 Xk. ZI �Cholesterol is found in animal products. �LDL cholesterol= Bad (Low –density lipoprotein) �HDL cholesterol= Good (high density lipoprotein) �Too much LDL= build up in artery walls, causing atherosclerosis.

Cholesterol �Risk factors for High blood cholesterol include: �Excessive alcohol intake �Smoking �Diet high in saturated fat and or Trans fat �Lack of exercise �Genetic predisposition

Impaired Glucose regulation �When carbohydrates are consumed, they are turned into glucose in the blood stream. �Insulin is released from the pancreas when glucose levels rise to allow the glucose to travel from the blood stream to cells to be used for energy. �If blood glucose levels are high, then insulin levels are high also.

Impaired glucose regulation �If this occurs over a long period of time, then the body can become resistant to the action of insulin. �Insulin resistance impairs glucose regulation which is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

Impaired glucose regulation �Can occur as a result of: �Genetic predisposition �Stress �Pregnancy �Lack of exercise �Smoking �Being overweight �Diet high in triglycerides �Excessive alcohol consumption �Low LDL cholesterol �High blood pressure

Birth Weight �Is related to health outcomes directly after birth and later in life. �Babies may suffer from: � Underdeveloped immune system � Premature death and significant disabilities

Birth weight �Adults may suffer from: � High BP � Type 2 diabetes � CVD CAUSES OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT: � Premature birth � Age of mother- young mothers (under 15 yrs), older mothers (over 45 yrs) � Mother’s nutritional status � Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and drug use during pregnancy � Illness of mother during pregnancy.

Class work/Homework �Read Chapter 2. 2 – 2. 4 �Make notes under each of the Biological Determinants. �Complete Test Your Knowledge Page 48 Questions- 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9 �Use Your Ebook plus link and watch the links on Blood Pressure and Hypertension Video �Complete Test Your Knowledge Page 51 Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 �Use your Ebook plus link and watch the Glucose regulation weblink

Classwork/ Homework �Complete Test Your Knowledge Page 55 Questions 1, 2, 4, 5.