Biojeopardy Unit B Evolution Descent with Modification 100
Biojeopardy Unit B: Evolution
Descent with Modification 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 The Evolution The Origin of Phylogeny and Systematics Of Populations Species 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Chi-square 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
100 The branch of biology that names and classifies organisms, originated by Linnaeus What is taxonomy Continue
200 In a whale, these are the remnants of pelvic and leg bones (historical remnants of ancestral structures) vestigial organs Continue
300 What is the smallest unit capable of undergoing evolution? A population Continue
400 The earliest forms of life on Earth were recorded from fossil deposits dating from about 3. 5 billion years ago. These deposits were of this type of organism. Bacteria Continue
500 Charles Darwin was the first to propose theory of evolution by _______and provide evidence What is natural selection Continue
600 Provide the most complete response: For natural selection to occur, what must be present within a population? 1. Variation must exist, 2. An overproduction of offspring 3. Selective pressure 4. Differential survival differential reproduction Continue
700 _____ Structures are body parts that resemble one another in different species that have evolved independently as adaptations to their environments, whereas _______structures are body parts that resemble each other and have evolved from a common ancestor. analagous homologous Continue
800 “The long neck of a giraffe is a result of its ancestors continually trying to reach to higher branches, ” was a statement made by this person. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Continue
900 List 3 sources of evidence for evolution. • Embryology • Biogeography • Fossils • Morphology/homology • Molecular Continue
1000 Explain why the following statement is inaccurate: “Antibiotics have created drug resistance in MRSA” The trait enabling MRSA to be resistant had to already be present in the population those w/ it survived and passed it down. Continue
100 What information about a population does the Hardy. Weinberg equation supply? Whether or not the population is evolving Continue
200 This is a measure of an individual’s relative contribution to the gene pool of the next generation Fitness Continue
300 Genetic drift that occurs when only a few individuals colonize a new area The founder effect Continue
400 What do the following represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation: p 2 pq p = frequency of the dominant allele 2 pq = heterozygous individuals Continue
500 In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0. 7. This is the percentage of the population that is homozygous for the “a” allele. What is 49% Continue
600 The ability to taste PTC paper is a dominant trait. The frequency of the dominant allele is 0. 8. What percentage of the population would be a carrier for this trait? If p = 0. 8, q = 0. 2 Carriers = 2 pq = 2(. 8)(. 2) = 0. 32 = 32% Continue
700 A population of birds on the coast range in size from 9 -15 cm, with the majority of birds being 12 cm. Another population of birds exist on a distant island off the same coastline, but all the birds are 15 cm. What is the most likely explanation for difference in sizes of members of these populations What is genetic bottleneck or founder effect Continue
800 In rats, long tails are dominant to short tails. Long tails were selected against due to them making individuals more susceptible to predation. After 3, 000 years, only short tails are present in the population. This process is known as ______. Fixation Continue
900 What are the five conditions that must be maintained in order for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to be maintained 1)very large population, 2)no gene flow or transfer of alleles, 3)no mutations, 4)random mating, 5)no natural selection Continue
1000 In the petals of the petunia, purple is dominant to red. In a population of 2000 flowers, 1600 are purple. Calculate how many of these purple flowers would be heterozygous. Find q 2 2000 – 1600 = 400 red, 400/2000 = 0. 2 = q 2 Find q Square root of 0. 2 =. 45 Find p 1 – 0. 45 = 0. 55 = p Find 2 pq 2(. 55)(. 45) = 0. 5, 0. 5 x 2000 = 1000 flowers Continue
100 What is the definition of a species as stated by the biological species concept? A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring. Continue
200 What are the 2 types of biological barriers that result in reproductive isolation Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers Continue
300 True or false: 1. Natural selection can act only on existing variations. 2. Adaptations are often compromises. 1. True: Fittest phenotypes already in the pop are selected for, new alleles don’t arise on demand 2. True: Each organism must do many things – consider a seal who spends part of its life in the sea and on land. Continue
400 What are 2 reproductive isolating mechanisms that act upon species prior to an attempt at mating? Habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation Continue
500 What are the 3 modes of natural selection? (Hint: think ‘graphs’) Continue
600 Describe the difference between intersexual selection and intrasexual selection. Intrasexual: Selection w/in the same sex; male elk fighting to compete for mates. Intersexual: ‘Mate choice’, individuals of one sex are choosy in selecting their mates; dances of the birds of paradise. Continue
700 Define the following: 1. Viable 2. Fertile 1. Undergoes proper development and survives 2. Is able to produce offspring Continue
800 Small individuals are capable of hiding from predators, while large individuals cannot fit in the available hiding places but can try to fight with predators, with greater or lesser success. Medium-sized individuals are at a disadvantage – they cannot fit in hiding places and they are not strong enough to fight predators. What type of selection is this? Disruptive selection Continue
900 What is the difference between allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation? Allopatric happens when a geographic barrier forms separating populations of the same species, later giving rise to RIMs. Sympatric there is no such geographic barrier present and speciation occurs as a result of RIMs. Continue
1000 What is the difference between micro- and macro- evolution? Micro: Evolutionary change below the species level, change in allele frequencies in populations Macro: Evolutionary change above the species level, origin of new groups of organisms through a series of speciation events/extinction events. Continue
100 The two-part format for a scientific name is known as: Binomial nomenclature Continue
200 Write the scientific name for the African lion in the proper format: Species: leo Genus: panthera Panthera leo or Panthera leo Continue
300 Put the following in order from most inclusive to most specific: Domain, order, phylum, genus Domain phylum order genus Continue
400 The named taxonomic unit at any level (kingdom, phylum, etc. ) is referred to as a ____. taxon Continue
500 What do the “nodes” on a phylogenic tree represent? Common ancestor Continue
600 Explain how comparing proteins of two different species can yield data about the species’ evolutionary relationship. Differences between proteins reflects a difference in the DNA sequence Continue
700 Is C more closely related to A or D? A more recent common ancestor Continue
800 Is F more closely related to D or C? Equal to both Continue
900 Is G more closely related to A or F? Same level of relatedness to both. Continue
1000 Using the table below – construct a phylogenic tree to show the evolutionary relationship amongst the organisms. See chalkboard Continue
100 What information does a chisquare analysis give you regarding data collected during an experiment? Whether or not the difference between the data sets is due to chance or if it is due to the independent variable. Continue
200 If you were collecting data on how many times a given number is rolled on a six-sided dice, how many degrees of freedom would there be? Number of possible outcomes – 1 5 degrees of freedom Continue
300 State the null hypothesis. Any variation amongst data is due to random chance alone. Continue
400 If a p value is (greater than/less than) _______, the null hypothesis is rejected. Less than 0. 05 Continue
500 As the p values decrease, what trend do you notice with the chisquare values? They increase Continue
600 These are two examples of accessory pigments that might accompany primary pigment, chlorophyll a, in the photosystems What are carotenoids (xanthophylls and carotenes), chlorophyll b, etc. Continue
700 The function of accessory pigments What is Continue
800 In What is the unboiled chloroplasts in the light Continue
900 This What are Cuvette 2: effect of no light, Cuvette 3: effect of light, Cuvette 4: effect of boiling on enzymes, Cuvette 5: control Continue
1000 Without What is use of a “colorimeter” or comparing colors of DPIP over time (from blue to colorless) Continue
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