Biogeochemical Cycles Three major biogeochemical cycles are shown
![Biogeochemical Cycles • Three major biogeochemical cycles are shown in this presentation: – The Biogeochemical Cycles • Three major biogeochemical cycles are shown in this presentation: – The](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-1.jpg)
Biogeochemical Cycles • Three major biogeochemical cycles are shown in this presentation: – The water cycle. Are plants and animals really necessary for this one? – The carbon cycle. Don’t confuse this one with the obvious interaction between photosynthesis and respiration! Note that O 2 is not shown. – The nitrogen cycle. Bacteria, bacteria.
![Biogeochemical Cycles - Water Cycle • Water can stay as H 2 O in Biogeochemical Cycles - Water Cycle • Water can stay as H 2 O in](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-2.jpg)
Biogeochemical Cycles - Water Cycle • Water can stay as H 2 O in the bodies of water (oceans, rivers, aquifers, icebergs…) • Water can cycle physically, through precipitation and evaporation • Water can be incorporated into the food chain, and recycled back through respiration (both animals and plants)
![The Water Cycle Rain Clouds precipitation respiration evaporation (from bodies of water) transpiration evaporation The Water Cycle Rain Clouds precipitation respiration evaporation (from bodies of water) transpiration evaporation](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-3.jpg)
The Water Cycle Rain Clouds precipitation respiration evaporation (from bodies of water) transpiration evaporation (from soil) drinking excretion absorption Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1604, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington NC, © 1966 Ground Water Bodies of Water physical animals plants
![Biogeochemical Cycles - Carbon Cycle • Think about “source and sink” • Carbon is Biogeochemical Cycles - Carbon Cycle • Think about “source and sink” • Carbon is](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-4.jpg)
Biogeochemical Cycles - Carbon Cycle • Think about “source and sink” • Carbon is stored short-term in the components of living organisms • Carbon can be stored long-term in fossil fuels, and also in relatively insoluble compounds (bone, sea shells) • Even though oxygen is produced in photosynthesis, note that it is not, strictly speaking, a part of the carbon cycle.
![The Carbon Cycle Atmospheric CO 2 photosynthesis respiration Respiration respiration (burning) Fermentation & respiration The Carbon Cycle Atmospheric CO 2 photosynthesis respiration Respiration respiration (burning) Fermentation & respiration](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-5.jpg)
The Carbon Cycle Atmospheric CO 2 photosynthesis respiration Respiration respiration (burning) Fermentation & respiration nutrition Decomposers Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1600, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington NC, © 1966 Organic waste Fossil fuel
![Biogeochemical Cycles - Nitrogen Cycle • Think about “source and sink” • Nitrogen is Biogeochemical Cycles - Nitrogen Cycle • Think about “source and sink” • Nitrogen is](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-6.jpg)
Biogeochemical Cycles - Nitrogen Cycle • Think about “source and sink” • Nitrogen is unusable to most organisms in its elemental form, N 2 • It’s most important changes occur through the action of various bacteria • Nitrogen can be found in inorganic compounds and organic compounds (proteins) • See the next slide for a discussion of the bacteria
![Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria • Nitrogen-fixers. Take elemental N 2 and convert it to nitrates Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria • Nitrogen-fixers. Take elemental N 2 and convert it to nitrates](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-7.jpg)
Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria • Nitrogen-fixers. Take elemental N 2 and convert it to nitrates that are usable by plants. • Decomposers. Break down organic materials and release ammonium (NH 4), a poison. • Nitrite bacteria. Convert ammonium compounds to nitrites • Nitrate bacteria. Convert nitrites to nitrates, an inorganic usable by plants. • Denitrifiers. Convert nitrates, nitrites, and ammonium compounds to elemental N 2.
![The Nitrogen Cycle Atmospheric N 2 NH 2 COOH plant & animal amino acids, The Nitrogen Cycle Atmospheric N 2 NH 2 COOH plant & animal amino acids,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-8.jpg)
The Nitrogen Cycle Atmospheric N 2 NH 2 COOH plant & animal amino acids, proteins Nitrogen fixing bacteria Denitrifying bacteria NO 3 nitrate Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1602, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington NC, © 1966 Decaying material Nitrate bacteria Decomposers Nitrite NO 2 NH 4 bacteria nitrite ammonium
![The Oxygen Cycle Atmospheric O 2 and dissolved O 2 Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis H The Oxygen Cycle Atmospheric O 2 and dissolved O 2 Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis H](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-9.jpg)
The Oxygen Cycle Atmospheric O 2 and dissolved O 2 Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis H 2 O CO 2
![Productivity • Gross productivity - total amount of energy photosynthesized by the autotrophs • Productivity • Gross productivity - total amount of energy photosynthesized by the autotrophs •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-10.jpg)
Productivity • Gross productivity - total amount of energy photosynthesized by the autotrophs • Net productivity - total amount of energy available to the heterotrophs • A good measure of the health of an ecosystem is its primary productivity
![Primary Productivity • A way you can do this is to measure the amount Primary Productivity • A way you can do this is to measure the amount](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-11.jpg)
Primary Productivity • A way you can do this is to measure the amount of activity performed by the autotrophs of the system – Remember that some captured photosynthetic energy is stored in plant tissue, and that plants themselves are eaten by the heterotrophs… • So, the total amount of photosynthesis is a measure of the first (primary) energy stored in an ecosystem
![Biomagnification • Concentration and transportation of chemicals through food webs. • DDT: – Chemical Biomagnification • Concentration and transportation of chemicals through food webs. • DDT: – Chemical](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-12.jpg)
Biomagnification • Concentration and transportation of chemicals through food webs. • DDT: – Chemical pesticide used in 1950 s &1960 s – Reduced population of mosquitoes and the accompanying diseases. – Rachael Carson identified destruction DDT had on ecosystems.
![Carson / DDT • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 x. A 7 XNezc 0 Carson / DDT • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 x. A 7 XNezc 0](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-13.jpg)
Carson / DDT • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 x. A 7 XNezc 0 • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ky. Yp w. OTta. LI • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=QNN l_u. Wm. QXE
![The Water Cycle Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1604, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington The Water Cycle Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1604, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-14.jpg)
The Water Cycle Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1604, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington NC, © 1966 physical animals plants
![The Carbon Cycle Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1600, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington The Carbon Cycle Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1600, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-15.jpg)
The Carbon Cycle Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1600, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington NC, © 1966
![The Nitrogen Cycle Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1602, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington The Nitrogen Cycle Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1602, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/7795580f28d93a2432e0374fcb53386a/image-16.jpg)
The Nitrogen Cycle Adapted from Bioreview Sheet 1602, Carolina Biological Supply Co. , Burlington NC, © 1966
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