BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES NUTRIENT CYCLES MATTER IS RECYCLED WITHIN

: BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES/ NUTRIENT CYCLES

MATTER IS RECYCLED WITHIN AND BETWEEN ECOSYSTEMS

NUTRIENT CYCLING • Matter cycles through the environment. created transformed • Matter can be_____, but cannot be____ destroyed or ______. Nutrients • ______matter that organisms require for life process, circulate throughout the environment in biogeochemical cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles • ___________, or Nutrient cycles, is how elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another.

THE WATER CYCLE

THE WATER CYCLE water • All living things require _____to survive. ocean • Water cycles happen between the _____, atmosphere ______, living things ______, land ______. • Several different processes are involved in the water cycle, including evaporation and transpiration. evaporation liquid water changes to a • During ______, gas. Transpiration the evaporation of water from • _______is the leaves of plants.

Evaporation and Transpiration

THE WATER CYCLE • During the day, the ______ sun heats the atmosphere ________. • Water changes from a gas to a liquid through the process of ______. condensation • Water vapor in the atmosphere condenses _____into tiny droplets that form clouds. • When the droplets get large enough, they fall to Earth’s surface as _______ — rain, snow, sleet, or hail. precipitation

Condensation and Precipitation

THE WATER CYCLE precipitation • On land, much of the _______runs along the surface of the ground until it enters a river or stream that runoff carries the _____ back to an ocean or lake. seeps into the soil, some of it deeply enough to • Rain also ______ become ground water. roots • Water in the soil enters plants through the ____, and the water cycle begins again.

Runoff, Seepage, and Root Uptake

THE CARBON CYCLE

THE CARBON CYCLE Carbon • _____is a key ingredient of living tissue. • In the atmosphere, carbon is present as _______ carbon dioxide gas, CO 2. released • Carbon dioxide is _____into the atmosphere by volcanic activity respiration human activities the decomposition of organic matter

THE CARBON CYCLE Plants • ______take in carbon dioxide and use the carbon to build photosynthesis carbohydrates during _______. carbohydrates • The ________are passed along food webs to animals and other consumers. • In the ocean, carbon is also found, along with calcium and oxygen, in calcium carbonate, which is formed by many marine organisms.

THE CARBON CYCLE

HOW CAN HUMANS IMPACT THE CARBON CYCLE? Humans affect the carbon cycle through the exhalation of carbon dioxide, the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other poor agricultural practices. Burning fossil fuels and deforestation leads to a disruption in the balance of the carbon cycle

THE NITROGEN CYCLE

THE NITROGEN CYCLE • _____need nitrogen to build proteins. Organisms • There are different forms of the nitrogen cycle through the biosphere. Nitrogen abundant • _____gas is the most ______form of nitrogen on Earth. cannot • It _____be directly used by organisms. • Nitrogen must be converted into compounds that can enter food webs by the process of Nitrogen Fixation” “__________”

NITROGEN FIXATION (NITRIFICATION) • How do we get the Nitrogen we need? Nitrogen Fixation. • Specialized ____convert N 2 from the bacteria atmosphere to ammonia (NH 3) for the plants to use. Plants ammonia to make • _______will use to the _____ nitrogen-containing organic molecules • Animals get nitrogen by _______plants or planteating animals

DENITRIFICATION • When organisms die, decomposers ______return nitrogen to the soil. Other bacteria change nitrogen compounds called nitrates back into nitrogen gas. • This process is called denitrification.