BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3 3 ENERGY MATTER Energy is
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3 -3
ENERGY & MATTER Energy is not the only thing that moves through the ecosystem. Atoms are never destroyed. . . only transformed. Take a deep breath. The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago.
4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms CARBON OXYGEN HYDROGEN NITROGEN The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES ______________
WATER CYCLE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE = __________
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Makes up 60 -70% of your body Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the building blocks of cells ____________: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Hydrogen in H 2 O supplies protons (H+) & electrons for________ photosynthesis
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? SOLVENT Water is a good _________ Many molecules dissolve in water so it provides a place for chemical reactions to happen Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with _________ HOMEOSTASIS
WATER CYCLE evaporation condensation
The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves TRANSPIRATION = ________ The return of water to the surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. = __________ PRECIPITATION
WATER CYCLE
CARBON CYCLE CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in ocean
4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE atmosphere 1. In ______ as CO 2 gas ocean 2. In _______ as dissolved CO 2 gas 3. On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil land Underground as coal & petroleum (fossil 4. _____ fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in Ocean
Where does CO 2 in atmosphere come from? CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in Ocean Volcanic activity 1. ________ Human activity (burning fossil fuels) 2. _______ 3. _________ Cellular respiration Decomposition of dead organisms 4. ______
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? BUILDING BLOCKS of cells: Found in all the ________ carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Carbon in CO 2 provides the atoms for GLUCOSE production during _____ PHOTOSYNTHESIS _________. . . the fuel that all living things depend on.
NITROGEN CYCLE Section 3 -3 N 2 in Atmosphere NH 3 NO 3 and NO 2 -
WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT? NITROGEN BASES _________make DNA and RNA ATP Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______ acids (proteins) Makes AMINO part of amino _____
79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas (N 2) CAN’T use the nitrogen gas BUT we _____ we breathe! The bond in N 2 gas is so strong it can only be broken by lightning ________ Volcanic activity ________ few special bacteria __________
in the soil Bacteria that live _______ symbiotic and in _____ relationships with legumes plants called _____, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and AMMONIA (NH 3) a form turn it into _______, that is usable by plants. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED _________ NITROGEN FIXATION
Other bacteria in the soil convert NITRATES (NO 3 - ) ammonia into ________ & NITRITES (NO 2 -) & _________ which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from the FOOD ______ WE EAT NOT THE AIR ______ we breathe!
NITROGEN CYCLE Section 3 -3 N 2 in Atmosphere NH 3 NO 3 and NO 2 -
in the soil Bacteria that live _______ also carry out the reverse process NITRATES NITROGEN GAS & NITRITES ______ → _______. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED DENITRIFICATION _________
Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water Sediments form “new land” to complete cycle Phosphate moves through food web Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition
Phosphorus cycle is only biogeochemical cycle that does NOT cycle through the atmosphere _______
WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT? Makes DNA and RNA Transfers energy as ATP Makes phospholipids for cell membranes
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