Biofuels Pre Assessment 1 Circle one Growing populations

Biofuels

Pre. Assessment 1. Circle one- Growing populations have increased/decreased the need for fuels. Yes 2. Are biofuels renewable? 3. T/F Soymilk is a form of bioethanol. 4. T/F While biofuels are good for the environment, they still have their own drawbacks. 5. Besides cars, what other things Planes might be driven by biofuels?

Learning Objectives ● ● ● Relate the biofuels to the economic market. Relate biofuels to society. Discover job opportunities related to biofuel. Explore biofuels in America. Determine the location of biofuel production.

Keywords ● ● ● ● ● Fossil Fuels Biofuel Bio. Ethanol Bio. Diesel Climate Change Economic Development Energy Security Carbon Neutral Feedstock

What are Biofuels? Biofuels are fuels that are made from biomass, or organic matter, in order to produce energy. Biofuels can be produced from different types of organic matter. Scientists are researching to figure out what the best types of biofuel are produced with certain materials. Research and development in the production of effective and efficient biofuels began in order to create a renewable energy source for a fossil fuel dependent nation.

How biofuels are produced? 1. Biomass, or feedstock, must be grown in order to be made into biofuels. Biomass is organic matter that is used as fuel such as corn, sugar cane, soybeans, vegetable oil. 2. The biomass is broken down into either starches (sugars) or lipids (fats) to be used for fuel. Starches are fermented into alcohol and oils are derived from lipids. 3. Both of the byproducts, alcohol and lipids, can be burned and used as fuel.

Types of Biofuels ● There are two main categories of biofuels, first generation and second generation: ● First generation- basic biofuel production made from corn, sugar cane, soybeans or vegetable oil ● Second generation- more advanced method of making biofuel to develop more efficient and effective products; algae and plant cellulose ● Bioethanol- biofuel is mixed with petroleum, or crude to make finished product ● Biodiesel-biofuel is mixed with diesel to make finished product

Reasons Biofuel Research Began Economic Development ● ● Can use marginal lands, that are not usable for crops, to grow biofuels. Creates jobs on the research end and on the production end. Mitigation of Climate Change ● ● Planting more plants decreases carbon emissions through photosynthesis. Burning less fossil fuels decreases carbon by not emitting into the atmosphere. Energy Security ● ● ● The US uses ~20 million barrels of oil a day. Fossil Fuels are nonrenewable. Populations continue to grow. One day there will not be enough fossil fuels to meet demands. Renewable energy sources ensure energy in the years to come.

Fossil Fuels vs. Biofuels Fossil Fuels: ● Pros: ○ ○ more energy dense compared to biofuels. Seen as more practical for use such as transportation. Inexpensive Can be used in a variety of industries such as plastics. Biofuels: ● Pros: ○ ○ ○ Renewable Resource Biofuel spills have less of an impact to the environment compared to oil spills. (biodegradable). Can eliminate sulfur that produces acid rain.

Fossil Fuels vs. Biofuels Fossil Fuels: ● Cons: ○ ○ ○ Non-renewable, leads to inevitable rising prices as supply becomes more limited. Produces emissions that lead to acid rain. Produce heat trapping greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. ‘ Biofuels: ● Cons: ○ ○ Threat to food supply Land must be cleared, releasing CO 2 in the atmosphere. Produces nitrogen that can form compounds that lead to acid rain. Many nations depend on oil revenue.

Biofuels and Carbon ● Growing biomass for biofuel takes CO 2 out of the air during photosynthesis. ● Burning biofuels releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. ● However, burning biofuels, instead of fossil fuels, emits less carbon into the atmosphere. ● It is debated whether or not the process of creating biofuels is clean enough to offset the carbon emissions that are involved in the process of creating the biofuels. ● If the growing of biomass and reduction of carbon from using biofuels was enough to balance the fossil fuels burned to create the biomass, it would have a neutral carbon dioxide effect on the atmosphere.

Land Use & Biofuel ● 1. Land must be cleared ○ ○ ○ ● 2. Growing Crops used for Biofuel Production ○ ○ ● Net carbon dioxide increase in atmosphere Clear unused, vacant land for biofuel production Replacing existing agricultural land for biofuel production Net carbon dioxide decrease in atmosphere Means less food or textile production for people 3. Harvesting, Producing, Burning Biofuel ○ ○ ○ Net carbon dioxide increase in atmosphere Requires energy to produce biofuel from crops Burning the biofuels releases carbon dioxide

Biomass for Biofuel

Ethical Issues in Land Use Could the land used for biofuel biomass production be used for a better cause? ● Removes natural carbon sinks ● Land could be used to grow food to help solve global food shortages ● Biomass does not need to be high in nutrients, therefore biomass can be grown on lands that are already degraded

Jobs Related to Biofuel ● Scientific Research ○ Work to find the most cost effective way of turning feedstock into fuel ● Engineering ○ Apply technology to create the most effective process of growing and producing biofuel ● Construction ○ Build the plant, factory, where feedstock is transformed into biofuel ● Agriculture ○ Growing and harvesting the feedstock ● Plant Operations ○ The people that oversee the transformation from feedstock to biofuel ● Sales ○ Make deals with companies to buy the biofuel

Activity Introduction ● Biofuel is increasingly important ● America has many jobs related to biofuel production ● Look at this map and determine different aspects that highlight the importance of biofuels to America

References: Slide 6: ● ● https: //www. thoughtco. com/the-pros-and-cons-of-biofuels-1203797 https: //financialtribune. com/articles/people-environment/48694/biofuels-not-very-green Slide 9: ● ● ● https: //images. ecosia. org/ydnk. Yz. Uysrk 608 yu. PUVuaok. T 3 A 4=/0 x 390/smart/https%3 A%2 F%2 Fwww. kitchenkneads. com%2 Fwpcontent%2 Fuploads%2 F 2016%2 F 06%2 FSoybeans-1000 x 1000. png https: //images. ecosia. org/O 1 A 3 Az 7 P 0 M 1 d 5 qh. WRa. B 4 zln. SRVI=/0 x 390/smart/https%3 A%2 F%2 Ffarm 4. staticflickr. com%2 F 3706%2 F 957 6750964_70 eb 2 bf 678_o_d. jpg https: //images. ecosia. org/YHBg 6 LAk_QWUm 2 dl_w. Kd. H_Al. Do. Y=/0 x 390/smart/http%3 A%2 F%2 Fwww. seriouseats. com%2 Fimages%2 F 2015%2 F 08%2 F 20150803 -corn-guide-corn-nuts-shutterstock. jpg

Slide 10: ● ● ● https: //images. ecosia. org/r 4 Ylg. Mkyp. Dum. Bt. F 3 Lrs 9 v. T_D 04=/0 x 390/smart/https%3 A%2 F%2 Fwww. advergroup. com%2 Fimages%2 FBLOG_IMA GES%2 Fmoney%2 F 100%2520 Dollar%2520 Bill%2520 Pile%2520 IMG_3735. jpg https: //images. ecosia. org/yuh_L 8 a_n. SWs_Vd 2 n. Rza. JLj 5 Qwg=/0 x 390/smart/http%3 A%2 F%2 Fmedia. medicalbag. com%2 Fimages%2 F 2016%2 F 02%2 F 09%2 Fclimate-change. jpg https: //wirthconsulting. org/2018/07/20/this-week-in-imaging-a-deeper-dive-into-todays-security-for-printers-andcopier-mfps/ Slide 13: ● https: //images. ecosia. org/ji. Msu 3 Bevmo_c 62 CRIMq 2 bmlvbk=/0 x 390/smart/https%3 A%2 F%2 Fi 3. cpcache. com%2 Fproduct%2 F 1452686 438%2 F 6_carbon_tile_coaster. jpg%3 Fheight%3 D 460%26 width%3 D 460%26 qv%3 D 90

Slide 14: ● ● Teaser-land-use-change. jpg 173894130_d 3 c 33 fb 530. jpg Slide 15: ● https: //www. ucsusa. org/clean-vehicles/better-biofuels/biomass-energy-resources#. W 7 F 90 y-ZNQJ Slide 16: ● https: //www. outsidethebeltway. com/biofuel-vs-food/