Bioethics in Anatomy Education Resources Human Variation Description

Bioethics in Anatomy Education Resources: Human Variation Description: This set of Power. Point slides provides information on the variations in the human form and the differences between “normal” and “abnormal” anatomy. The topics covered by this resource include: Anatomical variation Patient humanization Creator(s): Thomas Champney Contact details: tchampney@med. miami. edu Further reading: Winant AJ, Cho J, Alyafei TS, Lee EY. Pediatric Thoracic Anatomic Variants: What Radiologists Need to Know. Radiol Clin North Am 55: 677 -691, 2017. Rood JE, Stuart T, Ghazanfar S, et al. Toward a Common Coordinate Framework for the Human Body. Cell 179: 1455 -1467, 2019.

Human Variation While there is a wide range of human diversity amongst a background of “standard” anatomical form, it should also be appreciated that humans are not built like trucks on an assembly line. There are many variations of anatomical structure that occur – some that are minor with the “owner” unaware of them, while there are other variations that are rare and quite obvious. For example, the posterior interventricular artery on the heart can be supplied by the right coronary artery, by the left coronary artery or by a combination of both arteries. Usually, this doesn’t matter. During bypass surgery, however, this might be very important. As another example, some individuals have a genetic deficiency in their cilia and, during development, this leads to all of their organs being found on the opposite side of the body (situs inversus totalis) (liver on the left / heart on the right). https: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK 537207/ https: //www. bbs-registry. org/bbs-news/june-2018 -cribbs-newsletter-situs-inversus-and-heterotaxy

Human Variation “To know if something is abnormal, one must know what is normal. ” Right away, you notice these photos are not normal. Why? Because you have a concept of “normal” in your experience. How is this concept developed – and does it contain unintended biases? https: //www. gponline. com/pictorial-case-study-red-eye-unaffected vision/ophthalmology/article/1223631 https: //web. duke. edu/anatomy/embryology/limb. html

Human Variation “To know if something is abnormal, one must know what is normal. ” What is not normal in these radiographs? https: //www. bbs-registry. org/bbs-news/june-2018 -cribbsnewsletter-situs-inversus-and-heterotaxy https: //radiologykey. com/introduction-to-scoliosis/

Human Variation “To know if something is abnormal, one must know what is normal. ” Is there anything wrong with this CT scan? https: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC 3964612/

Human Variation As a health care professional, it is important to be aware of the variation in the human form. While you should know the “common form” of human anatomy, you should continually appreciate the wide variety in this “common form”. Your patients will represent this broad swath of humanity. https: //www. boredpanda. com/athlete-body-types-comparison-howard-schatz/