Bioenergetics Energy for Exercise Chapter 3 pp 31
Bioenergetics: Energy for Exercise Chapter 3 pp 31 -49
Review Where in the sliding filament theory is energy required? Where does that energy come from?
Introduction ATP Adenosine Ribose 3 Phosphates
ATP
ATP Energy Out Energy In ADP + P
ATP Energy
Fuels for Exercise CARBOHYDRATES Fats Proteins Phoshocreatine
Bioenergetics ATP is the only source of energy recognized by the cells Only a small amount of ATP is stored inside the muscle cells Constant need to ‘recycle’ ATP Energy from food (fuels) Systems to transfer that food energy to ATP
Bioenergetics “Making or Recycling” ATP Systems and their fuels Anaerobic 1. ATP-PCr (phosphagen system) - Phosphocreatine 2. Glycolysis (lactic acid system) - Carbohydrates Aerobic 1. Aerobic (oxidation) - Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins
Anaerobic Aerobic or SARCOPLASM Krebs Cycle Lactic Acid βeta Oxidation Fatty acids ATP PC
Bioenergetics
ATP-PC System (enzyme) How does it work?
ATP-PC System
ATP-PC System Where?
ATP-PC System & Exercise Advantages? Disadvantages?
Creatine Supplement Does it work? THE WINNING EDGE 3. 1 p. 35 Can increase creatine levels inside muscle Improve short, high intensity performance Small increase in muscle strength
Glycolysis
GLYCOLYSIS Where? What fuel? How? reactions, enzymes What is produced? 1. ATP 2. Hydrogens (NADH) 3. Pyruvate or Lactate
Glycolysis Carbohydrates Glucose Glycogen Glucose = C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose
glucose Glycogen
ATP required Glycolysis
Glycolysis ATP Produced Note the hydrogen Lactate Acetyl-Co. A
Glycolysis products ATP Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) Actyl-Co. A 2. 1. 2. H (NADH) Aerobic system Convert pyruvate to lactate Oxygen Hydrogen Lactate (lacatic acid) 1. Acetyl-Co. A Mitochondria (Krebs cycle & Electron Transport Chain)
Glycolysis & Exercise Advantages? Disadvantages?
Anaerobic Aerobic or SARCOPLASM Krebs Cycle Lactic Acid βeta Oxidation Fatty acids ATP PC
Intensity Anaerobic Systems Note the over lapping of the systems
Aerobic Metabolism
Aerobic Metabolism (or Oxidative Phosphorylation) Where? Mitochondria Three pathways 1. Krebs cycle 2. Beta oxidation (fats only) 3. Electron transport chain
Krebs Cycle
Glycolysis & Acetyl-Co. A Glucose / Glycogen
Beta Oxidation & Acetyl-Co. A Fat
Proteins & Acetyl-Co. A Amino acids from protein converted into Acetyl Co-A
Acetyl-Co. A Sarcoplasm Mitochondria Beta Oxid
Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle
Hydrogen “carrier molecules” NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) NAD + H = NADH FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) FAD + H = FADH
Electron Transport Chain Where? Mitochondria What is produced? ATP H 2 O How?
Electron Transport Chain From Glycolysis or from the Krebs Cycle Electrons
Electron Transport Chain 1. 4. 2. 3.
Electron Transport Chain What roles does oxygen play?
Electron Transport Chain What happens when not enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles to attach to all the hydrogens (H)? Krebs Cyle slow down Krebs cycle accept less pyruvate Glycolysis increase in free H pyruvate + H = ?
Oxygen Lactic Acid ATP H 2 O
Fatty Acids Summary Beta Oxid
Summary
Summary
Summary or SARCOPLASM Krebs Cycle Lactic Acid βeta Oxidation ATP Fatty Acid ATP PC
Fat Fatty acids as a fuel.
Proteins Only 5 -10% of energy during exercise
ATP Tally Phophocreatine: 1 ATP Carbohydrates/Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6) Glycolysis: 2 ATP Aerobic: 34 ATP Fatty Acid (C 16 H 32 O 2) - 129 ATP
Efficiency What percentage of the energy from ATP goes into doing “work”? Where does the rest of the energy go?
Summary of Energy Systems SYSTEM Fuel Waste Product ATP Speed Endurance ATP-PC PCr P and Cr 1 Fastest Second Power/Streng th Glycolysis Carbohydrate (glycogen & glucose) Lactic Acid 2 Fast Minutes Speed 34 Slow Hours 129+ Slower Unlimited ? ? ? Carbohydrate (glycogen & glucose) Aerobic Fat Protein CO 2 and H 20 Endurance
Summary of Fuels FUEL Phosphocreatine Carbohydrates Fats STORED Phosphocreatine Glycogen Fatty acids Amino acids Glucose ENERGY SYSTEM ATP-PC Protein Glycolysis Aerobic Fuels provide the energy for the systems to make ATP
Control of Bioenergetics What is a rate limiting enzyme?
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