Biodiversity Test Review Biodiversity Why important Definition 3

Biodiversity Test Review

Biodiversity • Why important • Definition • 3 types • Genetic • Species • Richness • Evenness • Ecosystem • How does human development (building stuff) affect Biodiversity? • Where does diversity come from? (result of what) • If can’t adapt, what happens to species

Niche • Fundamental • Realized

Natural Selection & Evolution • Process - traits (through adaptations / mututions) that allow an organism to survive and reproduce • Artificial Selection • Humans are breeding for desired traits • Faster than natural selection • Can result in “resistance” ex: bacteria that come resistant to antibiotics • Genetic drift, bottle neck, and founders effect • All 3 – small populations (regardless of cause) have less genetic diversity – smaller gene pool – less biodiversity • More uniformity • But more vulnerable

Natural Selection & Evolution • Must have genotype in gene pool before it can be expressed – one reason biodiversity is important • Large pop – has __larger gene pool – _more_ stable • But small pop can change more quickly • Pace of Evolution • environmental change – fast or slow • Genetic variation (gene pool) – a lot or little • Pop size – large or small • Generation (reproduce) time – quicker or slower

Species • Keystone • Indicator • Generalist • Specialist • Introduced • Native • Non-native • Invasive • Exotic • K vs r

Laws • Endangered Species Act • CITES – Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species • Taylor Grazing Act • Lacey Act • Marine Mammal Protection Act • NEPA – National Environmental Policy Act • EIS – Environmental Impact Statement

Loss of Biodiversity • HIPPCO • H= • I= • P= • C= • O=

Invasive Species • Give 3 examples • Why are they a problem • Characteristics of an Invasive Species • Characteristics of a ecosystem vulnerable to Invasive Species

Extinction • Give several examples • Why are the in danger • Characteristics that make species vulnerable • What is 6 th mass extinction • Why is fossil record incomplete • Which animals are most at risk

Forests • Logging Timber • • Clear cutting Selective cutting Strip Cutting Tree plantations • Can you log in National Forests • Does govt make money? • Who manages Nation Forests? • What goals • Fire Policy

Rangeland • Who manages • Goals • Can ranchers graze cattle • Does fed govt make money • What are risks of overgrazing

National Parks • Who Manages • Goals • What use allowed

National Wildlife Refuges • Who manages • Goals • What use allowed

National Wilderness Area • Who manages • Goals • Allowed use

Size, Shape, Connectedness of Protected areas • Island of Biogeography • Does it apply to land • Corridors • What are they, are they needed, what benefit • Fragmentation • Edge Habitat • Beneficial? • Biosphere Reserves

Protect • Focus on species or habitat • Human demands on resources • Restoration • Remediation • Mitigation • Prevention vs restoration

Sustainable Use • Externalities • Maximum sustainable yield • Tragedy of the Commons

Residence land is expanding • Fastest growing • Urban sprawl • Urban blight • Zoning • Smart growth • Eminent Domain