Biodiversity Part 1 Biodiversity Defination Biodiversity is the

Biodiversity Part 1

Biodiversity Defination § Biodiversity: is the totality and variety of life on Earth. This includes the variety among all living organisms. § The number of species on Earth is Estimated around 8. 7 million of which 2. 1 million are estimated to live in the ocean. § Only about 1. 75 million species have been described. § There are three Domain of life : 1 - Domain Archaea 2 - Domain Bacteria 3 - Domain Eukarya

Biodiversity §Biologists Found that each Domain consist of several kingdoms: § 3 kingdoms in the Archaea. § 15 kingdoms among the Bacteria. § 4 kingdoms among the Eukarya: Protists 2 - Fungi 3 - Plants 4 - Animals 1 -

Archaea and Bacteria §They are prokaryotes organisms which lacked organelles such as a nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. §Some prokaryotes are mobile as they may have flagella. Pili Nucleoid (DNA) Plasma membrane Cell wall Ribosome Flagella This structural diagram shows A typical Bacterium

Bacteria And Archaea §Many prokaryotes are anaerobes. Thus, their metabolisms do not require oxygen. §Prokaryotes also reproduce asexually by binary fission. §A common bacterium of the human digestive system, E. coli (Escherichia coli), normally is benign but can transform into a pathogenic form that can be transmitted from human to human §The bacterium that causes anthrax can be used as biological weapons which involves manufacturing endospores that disperse easily in air, where they are inhaled and germinate in lungs

Domain Eukarya We mentioned previously that : Domain Eukarya is divided into four kingdoms: 1234 - Protists ( consist of Protozoa and Algae kingdoms) Fungi Plants Animals

Protists § The protists are eukaryotes that are not a plant, an animal, or a fungus. § Most protists are small and single-celled. § Some of the larger protists are colonies of single-celled individuals, while others are multicellular organisms. § Protists have both positive and negative effects upon humans and other organisms. § The primary positive impact comes from the ecological roles of photosynthetic marine protists. § On the negative side are the many human diseases caused by parasitic protists

Protists Examples First : Protozoa micronucleus macronucleus contractile vacuole cytoplasm cell membrane oral groove cilia anal pore 1 -Paramecium is an unicellular organism and its length between 150 -300 µm. many live in fresh water. Cilia are used for movement. It feed on Bacteria and decaying matter. 2 -Amoeba is an unicellular organism and its length up to 1 mm. Some Amoebas live in fresh water while others inside animal as parasites. They move by pseudopods. They eat algae, bacteria, animal tissues etc.

Protists Examples Second : Algae 1 - Brown algae: e. g Fucus Brown algae: dominate in cool coastal waters and form multicellular aggregations known as brown algae seaweeds.

Protists Examples Second : Algae 2 - Euglena Eye spot contractile vacuole Flagellum Chloroplasts Nucleus Paramylon body Euglena is an unicellular organism and its length between 60 – 120 mm. it lives in fresh water. Euglena can photosynthesize like plants and use the flagellum for movement.