BIODIVERSITY OF PLANTS AND REPRODUCTION Topic 1 2

BIODIVERSITY OF PLANTS AND REPRODUCTION Topic 1. 2. Pg. 54 -56

Kingdom Plantae • Land plants – some terrestrial, some aquatic. • High diversity with distinguishing characteristics. Kingdom Plantae Non-vascular Plants Mosses Liverworts Vascular Plants Hornworts Seedless Ferns Seed-bearing Cone-Bearing Flowering

Kingdom Plantae 4 main groups: 1) Bryophta (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) 2) Pteridophyta (ferns) 3) Spermatophyta - Angiosperms (flowering plants) - Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants)

Kingdom Plantae Similarities: o Multicellular o Cell walls o Chlorophyll Differences: o Appearance o Method of obtaining food and water Other comparative characteristics include: - Vascular tissue - True roots, stems, leaves - Seeds/ spores - Cones/ flowers - Fruit - Dependence on water for reproduction

Differences between vascular and non-vascular plants Vascular Non-vascular Specialized tissue to conduct/ transport food and water (xylem & phloem) No specialized conducting/ transport tissue Have true roots, stems and leaves No true roots, stems and leaves (root-like structures = rhizoids) Divided into seedless and seed-bearing plants E. g. ferns, cone-bearing and flowering plants E. g. mosses, liverworts, hornworts

All plants have 2 generations: 1) Gametophyte generation 2) Sporophyte generation Generations alternate, giving rise to the other throughout plant life cycle = ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS

BRYOPHYTES 3 groups: 1. Mosses 2. Liverworts (flattened; liver-shaped) 3. Hornworts (horn-shaped) • Small terrestrial plants • Grow in damp, shady areas • Gametophyte generation = DOMINANT (large and longer-living than sporophyte generation)

BRYOPHYTES CHARACTERISTICS: No true roots, stems and leaves – thallus plants. Root-like rhizoids anchor plant in ground. No true vascular tissue. No seeds – reproduce by spores. No fruits – spores in capsules. Sexual reproduction – depends on water. Asexual reproduction – release and dispersal of spores depends on dry weather. • Gametophyte generation = dominant generation • •

BRYOPHYTES